导航工程专业最优估计课程教学改革与思考

为满足武汉大学测绘学院导航工程专业后续课程和导航技术发展需要,最优估计课程实施了理论与实践融合的教学改革.本论文首先介绍导航工程专业对最优估计课程的要求,接着分析了本课程的教学理念,然后探讨了课程内容优化、教材改进、教学方法和手段改革等一系列举措,最后对存在的问题进行思考并提出了改进方案.     

杂交石斑鱼和母本褐点石斑鱼转录组测序及差异表达基因分析

【目的】筛选褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)及其杂交子一代(E. fuscoguttatus♀×E. polyphekadion♂,F1)的差异表达基因,探讨褐点石斑鱼及F1代之间的生长差异性。【方法】采用Illumina HiSeq 2000测序平台对同龄的褐点石斑鱼及其杂交F1的脑、肝脏和肌肉组织进行转录组测序,通过edgeR软件包筛选差异表达基因,并对差异表达基因进行GO(Gene Ontology)功能注释和KOG注释,最后通过实时荧光定量PCR验证转录组数据。【结果】测序的原始数据经过质量控制和组装共得到54 610条unigenes。组装的unigenes共有28 832条unigenes得到注释,共获得20234条差异表达基因,其中有10218条上调,10016条下调。GO功能注释显示共34061条unigenes聚类到涉及生物过程、分子功能和细胞组分的53个功能类别,其中被较多基因聚类到的功能类别为细胞过程、结合、单一生物过程、代谢过程和催化活性等。KOG注释发现,42 753 unigenes被注释到25个功能类别中,其中较多涉及信号转导机制、基因功能预测、翻译后修饰,蛋白质周转和分子伴侣、转录等。进一步筛选到一批和生长相关的差异表达基因,如GH、GHRH、PRL、SLP、AVTp等,这些差异表达基因在F1中的表达水平均高于其亲本褐点石斑鱼,与杂交F1相较于褐点石斑鱼生长快速的性状相符。【结论】研究完成了对褐点石斑鱼及其杂交F1的转录组测序、组装,获得了测序数据在不同数据库的功能注释信息,同时筛选了一批生长相关差异表达基因,这些基因在F1中的表达水平均高于其亲本褐点石斑鱼,与现实生长性状相符。     

A method for coupled arch dam‐foundation‐reservoir seismic behaviour analysis

This paper presents a method for coupled arch dam–foundation–reservoir seismic behaviour analysis. The dam is discretized by finite elements (FE) and the foundation and reservoir are discretized by boundary elements (BE). The opening of contraction joints and the spatial variability of the seismic action is taken into account. The study of Pacoima dam by this method is also presented. The computed results show that no cracks were to be expected due to the vibrations induced during the Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Origin of mud in turbidites and hybrid event beds: Insight from ponded mudstone caps of the Castagnola turbidite system (north-west Italy)

The partitioning of different grain-size classes in gravity flow deposits is one of the key characteristics used to infer depositional processes. Turbidites have relatively clean sandstones with most of their clay deposited as part of a mudstone cap or as a distal mudstone layer, whereas sand-bearing debrites commonly comprise mixtures of sand grains and interstitial clay; hybrid event beds develop alternations of clean and dirty (clay-rich) sandstones in varying proportions. Analysis of co-genetic mudstone caps in terms of thickness and composition is a novel approach that can provide new insight into gravity flow depositional processes. Bed thickness data from the ponded Castagnola system show that turbidites contain more clay overall than do hybrid event beds. The Castagnola system is characterized by deposits of two very different petrographic types. Thanks to this duality, analyses of sandstone and mudstone composition allow inference of which proportion of the clay in each of the deposit types was acquired en route. In combination with standard sedimentological observations the new data allow insight into the likely characteristics of their parent flows. Clean turbidites were deposited by lower concentration, long duration, erosive, muddy turbidity currents which were more efficient at fractionating clay particles away from their basal layer. Hybrid event beds were deposited by shorter duration, higher-concentration, less-erosive sandier flows which were less efficient at clay fractionation. The results are consistent with data from other turbidite systems (for example, Marnoso-arenacea). The approach represents a new method to infer the controls on the degree of clay partitioning in gravity flow deposits.     

HT-7 Tokamak离子回旋波和低杂波等离子体逃逸电子行为研究

HT-7 Tokamak拥有离子回旋波(ICRF)和低杂波(LHW)两套加热系统.ICRF主要对加热离子有比较好的加热效果,LHW则主要是通过电子Landau阻尼加热电子.除此之外,在ICRF和LHW协同加热的条件下,可以对等离子体产生更有效的加热效果,增加等离子体的聚变反应截面,增加聚变中子产额.本文报道了LHW对改善ICRF和等离子体耦合的重要作用,ICRF和LHW加热等离子体中电子温度随时间的演化过程;计算了放电过程中电子逃逸的阈值能量,分析了逃逸电子的产生过程,以及放电过程中的中子产额.研究结果发     

Coherent beam combining of hybrid phase control in master oscillator-power amplifier configuration

A novel scalable architecture for coherent beam combining with hybrid phase control involving passive phasing and active phasing in master oscillator-power amplifier configuration is presented. Wide-linewidth mutually injected passive phasing fibre laser arrays serve as master oscillators for the power amplifiers, and the active phasing using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is induced. Wide-linewidth seed laser can suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering effectively and improve the output power of the fibre laser amplifier, while hybrid phase control provides a robust way for in-phase mode coherent beam combining simultaneously. Experiment is performed by active phasing fibre laser amplifiers with passive phasing fibre ring laser array seed lasers. Power encircled in the main-lobe increases1.57 times and long-exposure fringe contrast is obtained to be 78% when the system evolves from passive phasing to hybrid phasing.     

杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率及排泄率比较

杂交鲷是以真鲷为母本,黑鲷为父本的杂交F1代品种,为了比较杂交鲷与黑鲷的代谢特征,采用静水密闭式呼吸仪测定了13、18、23、28、33℃（32℃）5个温度下杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率及排泄率.结果表明：13~28℃温度下,杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率、排泄率均随温度的升高而升高,28℃时杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的代谢率、排泄率分别为14.22±0.95、0.39±0.02 J/（g.h）和17.47±0.14、0.43±0.02 J/（.gh）,分别是其13℃时的5.69、4.05倍和4.01、3.73倍;且各温度下黑鲷的代谢率始终高于杂交鲷,前者是后者的1.23~1.73倍;杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼分别在32℃和33℃时代谢率比28℃下跌了22.23%和3.83%,证明该温度已分别超出了这2种幼鱼的最高适温;杂交鲷和黑鲷幼鱼28℃时的窒息点溶解氧含量分别为1.94、1.40 mg/dm3,低于真鲷21℃时的窒息点溶解氧含量（2.30 mg/dm3）;O∶N原子比值结果显示,28℃时蛋白质供能比最低,生长积累速度最快,是2种幼鱼的最适温度.综合分析认为,杂交鲷幼鱼具有代谢率显著低于亲本的优点,也继承了父本耐低温的特点,但同时失去了亲本耐高温、耐低氧的特点,并出现了应激反应大等不良性状.     

遥感物理教学内容设计与探讨

分析了目前国内遥感物理本科课程的开设情况及存在的问题,针对遥感科学与技术本科专业的培养目标,并考虑与后续课程的联系,对遥感物理教学内容进行了设计与探讨。     

人工养殖条件下达氏鳇杂交种幼鱼生长特性的初步研究

为了解在人工养殖条件下达氏鳇(Huso dauricus)杂交种(达氏鳇♂×天然杂交种♀(达氏鳇♀×史氏鲟♂) )的生长特性,在水温11～22 ℃时,对达氏鳇杂交种体长和体重的生长进行实验研究.应用计算机软件Excel和SPSS对测量的数据进行处理分析,结果表明:平均全长为33.32 cm、平均体重为145.83 g的139日龄幼鱼经75 d的人工饲养长成平均全长为48.79 cm、平均体重为437.36 g的个体,全长与日龄之间呈线性关系L=3.292 7t 30.517,R2=0.959 4,其全长日均增长量为2.06 mm、平均瞬时增长率为 0.076 3,体重与日龄呈指数函数关系,Wgc=119.74e0.234 6t,R2=0.956;体重日均增长量为3.887 1 g、平均瞬时生长率为0.219 7;体重与全长的回归曲线为WwL=0.005 6L2.892 9,R2=0.998 2,幂指数接近于3,表明该鱼体重与全长的立方呈正相关系,属于等比生长类型.     

关于地理信息系统专业核心课程设置的思考

地理信息系统专业核心课程设置是GIS专业教学改革面临的关键问题之一。本文提出了从GIS数据源、地理信息系统应用和服务域、GIS实现关键技术域等“三个着眼点”出发,立足主流商业化GIS软件平台及注重GIS软件工程实践等三个方面考虑GIS专业核心课程体系,并在此基础上,结合GIS专业课程体系改革实践,构建了一个GIS专业核心课程体系框架。该框架基本涵盖和反映了地理信息系统专业核心课程的面貌。