基于Matlab的GPS网间接平差教学设计与实现

GPS网间接平差是测绘类本科专业误差理论与测量平差基础教学的重要组成部分。本文针对GPS网间接平差存在的观测数据多、计算量大、在实际课堂教学中很难讲解清楚等问题,提出基于Matlab的GPS网间接平差教学设计与实现方法。给出GPS网间接平差课堂教学的内容及难点,阐述基于Matlab的GPS网间接平差程序设计流程及关键步骤的实现方法。结合3个具体的GPS网平差实例,展示程序运行的结果。结果表明,基于Matlab进行GPS网间接平差教学既有助于加深学生对GPS网间接平差理论知识的理解,培养学生理论联系实际的能力,又可以实现学生所学计算机高级编程语言与专业知识的有机结合,提高学生的编程能力和学习兴趣。     

基于偏差原则和正则化方法反演晴空地表BRDF和反照率

提出一种反演晴空地表反照率快速稳健的新算法——混合算法。该方法首先利用双参数模型函数确定正则参数的初始值,然后由基于Morozov偏差原则的高阶收敛算法确定正则参数,继而通过Tikhonov正则化手段来反演BRDF模型。从POLDER-3/PARASOL BRDF数据库中任意挑选不同覆盖的地表像元测量数据,与MODIS全反演法结果作比较,对比较结果给予了讨论;最后选择天津市地区的卫星图像进行反演实验,并就反演结果给出了误差分析和算法模型的评价。     

高校测绘工程专业“测量仪器学”课程的改革与实践

针对测量仪器不断发展和革新的实际情况,总结了近5年来"测量仪器学"课程开设的效果和社会评价。基于测量仪器已全面进入电子智能时代,提出了针对理论和实践两个方面教学内容的改革,改进得到了优化新颖的教学方法,对于课程考核提出了合理的评判方法,并对课程配套相关条件提出了合理的建议,最后对改革后的课程教学效果进行了论述和分析。     

大地测量学实践教学改革的探索

大地测量学是测绘工程专业的一门理论性和实践性很强的重要专业基础课。从强化课堂基础实验、重视课程设计、建立生产实习考核体系等3个方面提出了实践教学改革措施,在帮助学生巩固加深理论知识,提高学生运用知识分析解决问题的能力和实践创新能力等方面具有重要的意义。     

地面数字化测图网络自主学习系统的设计与实现

以地面数字化测图模拟与仿真平台为基础,研究基于GIS技术的地面数字化测图模拟与仿真平台可视化仿真方法,建立地面数字化测图网络自主学习系统,引导学生在提出问题的基础上自主选择解决问题的方法、途径和工具,建立探究性实验教学模式,从而培养学生的实践和创新能力。     

半干旱地区洪水模拟效果差异性分析及影响因子响应评估

中国北方半干旱地区的降水与下垫面条件具有明显的时空异质性,如何完整准确地描述该类区域的水文过程是当代水文学研究的难点之一.选择半干旱地区水文实验区域——绥德流域和曹坪流域,通过构建不同时空规律的降水场,并结合3种不同产流机制的水文模型,进行大型数值模拟实验,去探究时间、空间、产流机制等因素对半干旱地区洪水模拟的影响,为该类地区水文模型的研制工作提供借鉴.结果 表明:1)半干旱地区中小流域的产流对降雨强度较为敏感,因此降水输入的时间步长对洪水模拟效果的影响程度较大;相比之下,流域雨量站数量的增减,仅体现在降雨分布场的暴雨中心缺失以及面平均降雨量的微小差别,对洪水模拟效果的影响程度较小.2)水文模型能否准确描述主导水文过程是半干旱地区洪水模拟效果优良的关键,流域的尺度效应及其下垫面条件的空间异质性是半干旱地区不同水文模型研制和调整应当优先考虑的问题,无论时间步长、雨量站数量怎么组合,产流结构适宜的模型其模拟效果总是趋于较好的结果.     

Development of a GPGPU-parallelized hybrid finite-discrete element method for modeling rock fracture

The hybrid finite-discrete element method (FDEM) is widely used for engineering applications, which, however, is computationally expensive and needs further development, especially when rock fracture process is modeled. This study aims to further develop a sequential hybrid FDEM code formerly proposed by the authors and parallelize it using compute unified device architecture (CUDA) C/C++ on the basis of a general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) for rock engineering applications. Because the contact detection algorithm in the sequential code is not suitable for GPGPU parallelization, a different contact detection algorithm is implemented in the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM. Moreover, a number of new features are implemented in the hybrid FDEM code, including the local damping technique for efficient geostatic stress analysis, contact damping, contact friction, and the absorbing boundary. Then, a number of simulations with both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions are conducted using the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM, and the obtained results are compared both quantitatively and qualitatively with those from either theoretical analysis or the literature to calibrate the implementations. Finally, the speed-up performance of the hybrid FDEM is discussed in terms of its performance on various GPGPU accelerators and a comparison with the sequential code, which reveals that the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM can run more than 128 times faster than the sequential code if it is run on appropriate GPGPU accelerators, such as the Quadro GP100. It is concluded that the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM developed in this study is a valuable and powerful numerical tool for rock engineering applications.     

一种由粗到精的光学与SAR遥感图像配准算法

由于光学遥感图像和SAR图像具有明显的非线性强度差异,且SAR图像存在斑点噪声,使得其配准存在较大难度。为此,本文结合基于特征和基于区域图像配准方法的优点,并组合为混合模型,提出一种由粗到精的自动配准算法。以光学遥感图像和SAR图像分别为参考图像和待配准图像,先以基于特征点的SAR-SIFT完成粗配准,再以基于区域的ROEWA-HOG完成精配准。① 采用SAR-SIFT算法进行特征点检测和特征匹配来计算图像的仿射变换模型,以消除参考图像和待配准图像之间明显的旋转、尺度和平移差异,至此完成图像粗配准;② 在此基础上利用分块Harris角点检测在参考图像上获得特征点,并根据特征点确定待配准图像上的同名点搜索区域;③ 计算图像的ROEWA梯度,构造以特征点为中心的模板区域内的HOG特征向量,以SSD作为相似性测度搜索待配准图像上的同名点,完成高精度的图像配准;④ 进行图像配准实验,对配准结果进行目视检查和精度评估。经过多组光学与SAR图像配准实验,验证本文算法能够结合基于特征和基于区域的图像配准方法的优点,较好地抵抗光学与SAR图像之间的非线性强度、旋转、尺度、平移差异和SAR图像的噪声影响,并逐步提高配准精度,最终配准精度达到1个像素左右,实现了光学与SAR图像的高精度自动配准,能够满足光学与SAR图像后续综合应用。     

Asperity Degradation and Damage in the Direct Shear Test: A Hybrid FEM/DEM Approach

Summary This paper investigates the processes of joint surface damage and near-surface intact rock tensile failure using a hybrid FEM/DEM code. Selected Barton and Choubey JRC profiles were simulated in direct shear tests and the surface damage mechanisms investigated in terms of joint surface wear or tensile fracturing of intact rock along the joint plane. Shear strength and displacement profiles for each joint profile are numerically simulated. Numerical results agree closely with published experimental observations. Furthermore, results show that dilation along the joint is controlled dominantly by the joint surface geometry and the applied normal stress. Significant dilation is expected to occur where there is a large asperity provided the applied normal stress is low. In this case, joint surface damage is limited to surface wear. In contrast, when the applied normal stress is high, dilation will be low and damage is composed of both surface wear and asperity breakage through near-joint-surface intact rock tensile failure. Local joint dilation angles vary in proportion to the magnitude of the dilation. Several joint profiles with different geometrical configurations were simulated within a slope and the possible modes of joint surface damage were investigated. It was found that due to low normal stresses acting on the joint surfaces within a slope the dominant mode of joint surface damage is by yielding and surface wear of asperities. Authors’ address: Amir Karami, Golder Associates Ltd., 4260 Still Creek Drive, Suite 500, Burnaby, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5C 6C6 Canada     

应用型本科院校“摄影测量学”教学改革探讨

针对"摄影测量学"课程内容丰富且理论抽象、课时数有限,以及当前应用型本科院校"摄影测量学"课程教学中存在的实验内容单一、考核形式欠科学等问题,从优化教学内容、丰富教学手段、创新教学模式以及改进考核方式等方面逐步实现"摄影测量学"课程的教学改革。结果表明,通过课程改革可激发学生的学习兴趣,增强学生分析和解决实际工程问题的能力,学生综合素质得到提高,取得较好的教学效果。