分布式光纤测温技术在黑河中游地表水与地下水转换研究中的应用

本研究首次应用分布式光纤测温技术,监测张掖市临泽县平川段的黑河河床表面温度与河水温度,确定了该时段黑河中游湿地临泽平川段的地表水地下水转换情况。分布式光纤测温系统温度分辨率为0.01℃,采样间距为0.25m,时间间隔为4min。通过对全长550m的河床表面温度与河水温度连续监测,分析该区段温度场动态,发现试验区河段河流受地下水补给,有地下水溢出带。通过河床表面温度与河水温度、环境温度的对比,清楚反映了该河段温度异常带的分布与变化规律,明确了地下水溢出带的位置与地下水溢出强度。     

Examining access to GP services in rural Ireland using microsimulation analysis

This paper analyses the effect accessibility has on General Practitioner (GP) utilisation rates at the sub-national level for Ireland. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to estimate whether there is an urban–rural differential in GP utilisation rates. We do this by simulating micro-level healthcare data. Using this synthetic data, simple logit models are employed to estimate the likelihood that individuals in different jurisdictions will attend a GP surgery. These individual logit estimates are then inputted into a spatial interaction model to highlight areas with low GP accessibility given their health status. The policy implications of these results are discussed in relation to both the healthcare literature and current Irish healthcare policy.     

地铁暗挖施工引起的管线与地层沉降关系研究

依托北京地铁4号线公益西桥站工程,建立结构-地层-管线三维弹塑性数值模型,基于管线周边地层沉降及地表沉降实测数据分析,研究西南出入口暗挖施工上方管线周边地层变形规律。通过现场实测数据、数值模拟及经验公式计算结果综合对比,分析了管线刚度对地层变形抵制作用的影响。研究表明：管土相对刚度小于0.18时,管线与土体沉降差小于5%,可用经验公式计算出的管线轴线处地层沉降代替管线沉降。随管线刚度的增大,管线对土体变形的抑制作用逐渐增强,沿深度方向地层沉降量增大速率减小,并会出现负增长,甚至出现地层沉降小于地表沉降的情况。通过对数值计算结果的拟合分析,提出了刚性接头管线与地表沉降比和管土相对刚度的经验公式。工程实例应用结果表明,计算值与实测值偏差小于4%,验证了该方法的适用性。     

Prediction of railway ground vibrations: Accuracy of a coupled lumped mass model for representing the track/soil interaction

Recent advances in railway-induced ground vibrations showed that the track/soil interaction plays an important role in the low frequency range. This paper contributes to the numerical analysis of train/track/foundation dynamics by presenting the accuracy of a coupled lumped mass (CLM) model devoted to the railway foundations and to the track/soil coupling. Following a summary of the background and the advantages of the CLM model, the coupling strategy is quantified through two application cases. Firstly, the dynamic track deflection is calculated for different railway lines considering various degrees of complexities of foundations. Then, the foundation responses are compared depending on whether detailed coupling is introduced or not. The benefit of the proposed model is emphasized by presenting free-field ground vibration responses generated by a tram and a high-speed train, obtained by a revisited two-step prediction model developed by the authors.     

Pipe–soil interaction and pipeline performance under strike–slip fault movements

The performance of pipelines subjected to permanent strike–slip fault movement is investigated by combining detailed numerical simulations and closed-form solutions. First a closed-form solution for the force–displacement relationship of a buried pipeline subjected to tension is presented for pipelines of finite and infinite lengths. Subsequently the solution is used in the form of nonlinear springs at the two ends of the pipeline in a refined finite element model, allowing an efficient nonlinear analysis of the pipe–soil system at large strike–slip fault movements. The analysis accounts for large strains, inelastic material behavior of the pipeline and the surrounding soil, as well as contact and friction conditions on the soil–pipe interface. The numerical models consider infinite and finite length of the pipeline corresponding to various angles β between the pipeline axis and the normal to the fault plane. Using the proposed closed-form nonlinear force–displacement relationship for buried pipelines of finite and infinite length, axial strains are in excellent agreement with results obtained from detailed finite element models that employ beam elements and distributed springs along the pipeline length. Appropriate performance criteria of the steel pipeline are adopted and monitored throughout the analysis. It is shown that the end conditions of the pipeline have a significant influence on pipeline performance. For a strike–slip fault normal to the pipeline axis, local buckling occurs at relatively small fault displacements. As the angle between the fault normal and the pipeline axis increases, local buckling can be avoided due to longitudinal stretching, but the pipeline may fail due to excessive axial tensile strains or cross sectional flattening. Finally a simplified analytical model introduced elsewhere, is enhanced to account for end effects and illustrates the formation of local buckling for relative small values of crossing angle.     

喜马拉雅东构造结附近强震对滇西南地区断层的影响研究

以在喜马拉雅东构造结发生的2000年6月7日缅甸MS6.9地震、2011年3月24日缅甸MS7.2地震和2012年11月11日缅甸MS7.0地震作为主要破裂源,计算3次地震震后周围应力的空间变化,给出其对滇西南地区断层造成的静态库仑应力变化的时间影响范围。结果表明:3次地震对滇西南地区活动断层库仑破裂应力变化主要为负值,即受到应力卸载的影响,其中包括大盈江断裂、龙陵—瑞丽断裂、南汀河西支断裂、南汀河东支断裂、孟连—澜沧断裂、打洛—景洪断裂和怒江断裂,量值范围在-0.06~-0.002 bar(1 bar=0.1 MPa),卸载影响最大的断裂为打洛—景洪断裂,为-0.06 bar,木嘎断裂和龙陵—澜沧断裂受到加载的影响,断层的库仑破裂应力分别为+0.002 bar和+0.004 bar。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Soltan Maidan basalts (E Alborz,Iran): Implications for asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction and rifting along the N margin of Gondwana

Soltan Maidan Basaltic Complex with thickness up to about 1300 m is located in the eastern Alborz zone, north of Iran. This complex is dominantly composed of transitional to mildly alkaline basaltic lava flows, agglomerates and tuffs, together with a few thin sedimentary interlayers. Field geological evidence and study of palynomorph assemblages in the shale interlayer show Late Ordovician to Early Late Silurian ages. Chondrite- and primitive-mantle normalized multi-element patterns of Soltan Maidan basalts demonstrate enrichment in highly incompatible elements relative to less incompatible ones and their patterns are most similar to OIB. Trace elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions indicate interaction and mixing of asthenospheric mantle source (OIB-type) with enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle components (EM1-type). This asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction occurred in an extensional continental setting, which resulted in opening of the Paleotethys Ocean in the north of Gondwana during the Late Silurian to Middle Devonian.     

The oldest Mo porphyry mineralization in the Yangtze Valley Metallogenic Belt of eastern China: Constraints on its origin from geochemistry,geochronology and fluid inclusion studies at Matou

The Matou Mo(-Cu) deposit, located in the Yangtze Valley Metallogenic Belt of central-eastern China, is a typical porphyry-type Mo deposit. The orebodies at the deposit are hosted by Matou porphyritic granodiorite, which is the largest intrusive in the area. Quartz vein-type and disseminated sulfide mineralization are well developed in the porphyry and near its contact with Silurian sandstone. Crosscutting relationships indicate that porphyritic granodiorite is the oldest phase in the pluton, which is crosscut by a porphyritic diorite containing traces of chalcopyrite, and later dolerite dykes. These phases have U-Pb zircon dates of 147 ± 3, 140 ± 1 and 135 ± 1 Ma, which confirms the cross-cutting relationships observed in the field. A Re-Os molybdenite isochron age of 147 ± 4 Ma indicates that the porphyritic granodiorite is the source of the oldest Mo mineralization in the metallogenic belt and was formed during a change of the tectonic setting in the area, from an intracontinental orogeny to extensional tectonics. From 147 to 135 Ma, crust-mantle interaction played an important role in the formation of magmatic rocks at Matou. Systematic petrological and geochemistry investigations reveal that the three phases have a crust source with minor input from the mantle. Investigation of ore-forming fluid, H-O isotopes, S isotopes, and the Re content of molybdenite indicate that the ore-forming fluid and metals were derived from the lower crust. During the evolution of fluid from initial magmatic fluids (stage I) to ore-forming fluids (stage II), fluid boiling accompanied by the input of relatively cooler meteoric water led to the deposition of the Mo mineralization.