The development of an intervening opportunities model with spatial dominance effects

In this paper an intervening opportunities model with spatial dominance is developed. The usual assumption in spatial theory is that decision makers are influenced not just by the size of a destination or distance but by these two factors in combination, that is, spatial dominance. Decision-makers will have more knowledge about, and clearly perceive destinations that exert the greatest amount of spatial dominance on their origins, just as they would primate cities. Thus destinations are ranked in terms of the spatial dominance calculated for each destination. Empirical verification of the model utilizes state-to-state migration flow data for the US. Calibration results compare favourably with the traditional intervening opportunities model and the production constrained gravity model. Received: 7 October 1999/Accepted: 15 June 2000     

淤积泥砂对水平地运动作用时刚性坝面动压力的影响

文章基于固体介质，流体介质，液固两相饱和介质的时域显示有限元波动分析方法，研究了可压缩库水条件下淤积泥砂对水平地运动作用时刚性坝面上动压力的影响，研究中分析了作为两相介质处理的淤积泥砂的饱和度、厚度、渗透系数和孔隙率对坝面动压力的影响，还比较了作为流程两相介质，单相固体介质、单相重流体介质处理的不同淤积泥砂层模型间的计算结果差异。     

GROWTH OF NEW ECONOMIC SECTORS IN SECOND-TIER EXTENDED CITIES IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA——Case of Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou

1INTRODUCTIONUrbanrelationshipaswellasurbansystemhas beenthemostimportantandlastingdirectioninthestudyofur-bangeographysinceCHRISTALLER(1933)putfor-wardthecentralplacetheory.Alongwiththepaceofglobalizationinthe1980s,somepioneer researchessen-sitivelyexpoundedaworldcitysystem,includingworldcity,internationalcity,nationalcity,regionalcityandlocalcity(FRIEDMAN,1986).Lotsofresearchesfo-cusedonthedevelopingmechanismofthebigcitiesandurbansystemnetwork(GU,2000;ZHOU,1997;CUI,1992;HUeta…     

Testing the stereoscopic precision of a large-format digital camera

The use of large-format digital cameras in aerial photogrammetry is leading to great improvements in photogrammetric production. Since they were first introduced about 10 years ago, the technological community has been testing and investigating the conditions under which this major change can be consolidated. But a certain (and understandable) bias may be noticed in the efforts that developers, researchers and clients are undertaking. Almost all of the efforts aim at checking the quality of automated measurements and very little attention has been directed to stereoscopic measurements by human operators, which, nevertheless, still represent an important task that needs to be carried out in the production chain. This paper presents the results from a number of tests (13 operators from a variety of enterprises) performed to check the stereoscopic precision of Vexcel UltraCamD camera images compared with Leica RC30 film images. The main conclusion to be drawn from the empirical data is that stereoscopic precision does not depend on the type of camera.     

轨道平顺性与测量精度

从轨道平顺性验收标准性切入,提出轨道平顺性对控制网的精度要求;指出轨道平顺性与控制点间的相对精度相关,与控制测量网垂直于线路的的横向误差及高程相关。     

全站仪近距离测距精度检验方法的探讨

提出了室内基线法，给出了相应的数据处理方法，并用实测数据进行了计算，结果显示全站仪在室内、短边条件下的测距精度较标称精度有很大的提高。该法所得结果与现存两种方法的结果基本相当，从而证明了该法能够客观地反映出工业测量用全站仪的近距离测距精度。     

GAINS中重力传感器信息的扰动改正

重力辅助惯性导航系统GAINS(Gravity Aided Inertial Navigation System)是利用地球物理特征信息重力来完成水下运动载体的辅助惯性导航与定位.为实现重力匹配以校正惯性导航随时间累积的误差,首先必须对重力传感器输出信息进行扰动改正.分析了水下运动状态下重力传感器受到的各种重力扰动,如垂直扰动加速度、水平扰动加速度以及厄特弗斯效应影响所产生的原因,研究了扰动误差模型与INS导航精度之间的关系,并通过计算,提出了可直接以INS输出数据而无需其它外部有源导航信息进行扰动分离的方法.     

GIS线目标间拓扑关系描述的4交差模型

提出了利用连通度不变量来区分单个线目标上具有不同拓扑特性的点，进一步定义了线目标的端点集和内点集。在此基础上，建立了IR^1和IR^2中线目标间拓扑关系的基本模型。该模型能有效地表达线目标间拓扑关系的变化特性。     

改进的模糊聚类遥感影像分割

聚类是数据挖掘的重要分支之一,引入模糊理论的模糊聚类分析为显示数据提供了模糊处理能力,在许多领域被广泛应用。本文应用考虑邻域关系的约束模糊C均值(Fuzzy C-Means with Constrains,FCM_S)算法,将邻域像素引入到目标函数中,进而有效地利用邻域像素信息,提高分割精度。本文应用FCM_S算法对模拟彩色纹理图像进行分割,计算其混淆矩阵,定性定量地与FCM算法进行对比分析,证明了该算法的鲁棒性。