关于地勘单位实行多元化经营的战略思考

在我国煤炭工业发展速度放缓、发展困境凸显的形势下,结合煤炭地勘单位近20年来多种经营的发展历程,探讨了多元化经营两种基本形式及其利弊关系。根据煤炭地勘单位实行多元化经营具备的优势,提出了多数煤炭地勘单位在开展多元化经营时仍要坚持以核心业务、主营业务为主,在做强做大地质勘查主业的前提下,积极适度地开展相关多元化经营,如矿业开发、岩土工程勘察、社会地质服务等。对于建筑施工、旅游等虽有实践经验,但竞争激烈且与主业相关性较差的产业,可考虑适时退出。煤炭地勘单位只有把主业与相关产业有机统一起来,才能实现持续快速健康发展,才能保证煤炭地勘事业兴旺发达。     

不同扰动位泛函间的积分变换广义核函数

基于物理大地测量边值问题的解,利用一阶边界算子定义,推导重力异常Δg、单层密度μ、大地水准面高N,垂线偏差ε、扰动重力δg等扰动场元的解。利用球谐函数的正交特性,通过对核函数的算子运算,可以得到上述扰动场元的有关逆变换公式。相对经典物理大地测量公式应用的边界面条件,笔者将含有因子r的对应扰动场元反演关系的公式称为广义积分公式。针对常用的重力异常Δg、大地水准面高N,垂线偏差ε、扰动重力δg计算,重点分析它们之间的变换关系,给出利用某个选定扰动场元计算其他扰动场元的广义积分公式。同时,通过对积分边界面的讨论,分析经典公式与广义积分公式的差异和联系。最后,给出所有外部扰动场元与核函数映射的关系表。     

基于ARM7的GPS定位便携式土壤测氡仪的研制

针对传统瞬时土壤测氡仪灵敏度低、体积大、数字化程度不高等缺点,研制出一种新型基于ARM7的GPS定位瞬时便携式土壤测氡仪。设计了全新的数据采集与控制电路,在保持测量准确性的同时,提高了仪器的灵敏度、数据采集精度和处理速度;软件设计引入嵌入式操作系统uc/OS-II,提高了仪器的稳定性和可操作性。野外测试结果表明,该仪器能够稳定、准确、快速地采集、处理数据,适用于地质和水文勘查中氡气浓度的定量测量。     

Reservoir operation using El Niño forecasts—case study of Daule Peripa and Baba,Ecuador

Abstract

Reservoir operation is studied for the Daule Peripa and Baba system in Ecuador, where El Niño events cause anomalously heavy precipitation. Reservoir inflow is modelled by a Markov-switching model using El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices as input. Inflow is forecast using 9-month lead time ENSO forecasts. Monthly reservoir releases are optimized with a genetic algorithm, maximizing hydropower production during the forecast period and minimizing deviations from storage targets. The method is applied to the existing Daule Peripa Reservoir and to a planned system including the Baba Reservoir. Optimized operation is compared to historical management of Daule Peripa. Hypothetical management scenarios are used as the benchmark for the planned system, for which no operation policy is known. Upper bounds for operational performance are found via dynamic programming by assuming perfect knowledge of future inflow. The results highlight the advantages of combining inflow forecasts and storage targets in reservoir operation.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor I. Nalbantis     

山东省1∶10000基础测绘DLG更新试验研究——以烟台开发区为例

论述了采用两种不同作业模式对同期相同14幅1∶10 000比例尺数字线划图(简称"DLG",下同)进行更新试验。通过作业精度、投入工作量等方面的对比分析,探索研究适合"十二五"期间省级基础地理信息数据更新技术路线。     

大万山岸式振荡水柱波力电站的输出功率

中国科学院广州能源研究所在位于南海的珠海市大万山岛建成一座岸式振荡水柱型示范波力电站。波力电站具有喇叭口前港，属多振荡型。广州能源研究所于１９８９年、１９９０年及１９９１年分别对其做了三次短期海上实测，其中包括对Ｗｅｌｓ透平发电机组的海上运行试验，证明该电站具有良好的实海况发电性能。电站的总能量俘获宽度比约为１０～４０％。本文对电站作了概述，并给出了电站实海况运行的结果。在该电站原有结构基础上，广州能源研究所已将其改建成一座２０ｋＷ的波力电站，并于１９９６年２月试发电成功。     

A combined simulation–genetic algorithm optimization model for optimal rule curves of a reservoir: a case study of the Nam Oon Irrigation Project,Thailand

A combined simulation–genetic algorithm (GA) optimization model is developed to determine optimal reservoir operational rule curves of the Nam Oon Reservoir and Irrigation Project in Thailand. The GA and simulation models operate in parallel over time with interactions through their solution procedure. A GA is selected as an optimization model, instead of traditional techniques, owing to its powerful and robust performance and simplicity in combining with a simulation technique. A GA is different from conventional optimization techniques in the way that it uses objective function information and does not require its derivatives, whereas in real‐world optimization problems the search space may include discontinuities and may often include a number of sub‐optimum peaks. This may cause difficulties for calculus‐based and enumerative schemes, but not in a GA. The simulation model is run to determine the net system benefit associated with state and control variables. The combined simulation–GA model is applied to determine the optimal upper and lower rule curves on a monthly basis for the Nam Oon Reservoir, Thailand. The objective function is maximum net system benefit subject to given constraints for three scenarios of cultivated areas. The monthly release is calculated by the simulation model in accordance with the given release policy, which depends on water demand. The optimal upper and lower rule curves are compared with the results of the HEC‐3 model (Reservoir System Analysis for Conservation model) calculated by the Royal Irrigation Department, Thailand, and those obtained using the standard operating policy. It was found that the optimal rule curves yield the maximum benefit and minimum damages caused by floods and water shortages. The combined simulation–GA model shows an excellent performance in terms of its optimization results and efficient computation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rule reduction in fuzzy logic for better interpretability in reservoir operation

Decision‐making in reservoir operation has become easy and understandable with the use of fuzzy logic models, which represent the knowledge in terms of interpretable linguistic rules. However, the improvement in interpretability with increase in number of fuzzy sets (‘low’, ‘high’, etc) comes with the disadvantage of increase in number of rules that are difficult to comprehend by decision makers. In this study, a clustering‐based novel approach is suggested to provide the operators with a limited number of most meaningful operating rules. A single triangular fuzzy set is adopted for different variables in each cluster, which are fine‐tuned with genetic algorithm (GA) to meet the desired objective. The results are compared with the multi fuzzy set fuzzy logic model through a case study in the Pilavakkal reservoir system in Tamilnadu State, India. The results obtained are highly encouraging with a smaller set of rules representing the actual fuzzy logic system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

针对不同作业模式分析LiDAR点云密度对电力巡线的影响

LiDAR技术在电力巡线中逐步发挥着重要作用,设定怎样的点云密度、确定怎样的作业模式是电力巡线前期工作的重要环节。本文利用同一区域相同环境下获取不同飞行速度的LiDAR点云数据,对比分析不同点云密度作业模式下电力巡线的差异,探索机载LiDAR在电力巡线中科学高效的作业模式。研究表明:杆塔点云密度值在一定范围内时,不仅能提取电力巡线及电力线和杆塔信息,还能够有效提高数据采集效率,降低数据处理及存储成本。     

水库调度的新阶段——生态调度

现行水库调度方式以防洪调度与兴利调度为主,从保护河流生态系统的观点看,没有涉及生态因素,调度应兼顾河流生态系统需求.分析了生态调度的内涵,介绍了国内外大型水利工程生态调度的进展情况,分析了生态调度包含的内容.在此基础上,提出了生态调度的专项调度:生态需水量调度、生态洪水调度、泥沙调度、水质调度、其他生态因子调度和涉及几个专项的综合调度.