利用影像辅助LiDAR点云数据的建筑物提取方法研究

机载LiDAR作为一种新兴的对地观测技术,能够快速地获取地表三维信息。如何从海量LiDAR点云数据中提取建筑物是数据处理中的一项关键工作。本文结合LiDAR数据和航空影像的数据特点,提出了一种航空影像辅助的LiDAR点云建筑物提取方法,首先,采用面向对象方法从航空影像中提取建筑物的轮廓;然后,以建筑轮廓信息为参考,从LiDAR点云中提取建筑物的点云数据;最后,通过实验证明该方法的有效性与可行性。     

面向对象的多源数据建筑物提取

建筑物是城市的重要标志之一,综合利用LiDAR数据和高分辨率遥感影像可以充分发挥不同数据源中提取建筑物的优势。本文基于面向对象分类理论,利用机载LiDAR数据和GeoEye高空间分辨率遥感影像,在多尺度分割的基础上对实验区分类并提取建筑物,进而对提取结果进行精度评价。实验表明,将LiDAR数据与高分辨率影像数据结合能够很好地提取建筑物,建筑物提取精度达89.28%。     

基于游客视角的历史街区旅游发展模式影响机理及创新——以苏州平江路为例

历史街区是重要的文化遗产保护对象,但原真文化僵化保护和过度商业化成为阻碍历史街区可持续发展的两大症结。构建了影响历史街区旅游发展模式支持度的结构方程假设模型,以苏州平江路为例实证研究历史街区旅游发展模式支持度影响因素,并提出历史街区旅游发展创新型模式。结果显示:1传统文化与现代文化共生、消费需求和景观及空间意象是影响历史街区旅游发展支持度的关键因素,业态分布及类型、街道布局及功能和历史信息传达是重要因素;2传统文化与现代文化共生对支持度影响程度最大,其次为消费需求;3构建了以传统与现代和谐共生的城市文化为基础,以满足游客体验和休闲需求为驱动力,以"创意化"、"人性化"、"精致化"和"生活化"为开发手段,形成凸显城市文化并体现现代休闲体验需求的集"文化化"、"体验化"、"休闲化"、"创意化"、"人性化"、"精致化"、"生活化"和"特色化"于一体的历史街区"八化"旅游发展创新型模式。     

Folk housing revisited

As Fred Kniffen observed, vernacular buildings identify culture and record our relationships with physical and social environment. Influenced by Kniffen, twentieth‐century cultural geographers used spatially correlated log homebuilding attributes as diagnostics. The present study used a qualitative meta‐study approach to evaluate studies citing such correlations in the eastern temperate forests of North America. Forty‐two studies involving sixty‐three geographic entities and twenty‐two attribute types were evaluated. The meta‐study's findings were consistent with an Eastern Woodlands regional model described by Kniffen, Terry Jordan, and Wilbur Zelinsky. A majority of the spatially correlated attributes involved building materials, cited cultural and/or environmental influences to explain their findings, and cited correlations at state/province or county scales. Today, identification of building culture undoubtedly continues to offer potential guidance to sustainability efforts, and, although untapped, vernacular building continues to offer potential as a key diagnostic.     

Policy making for renewable energy in India: lessons from wind and solar power sectors

It is clear that developing countries will have to be part of the global mitigation effort to avoid ‘dangerous climate change’, and, indeed, many of them are already undertaking significant actions on multiple fronts to help address this problem, even if they have not yet taken on legally binding commitment under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since the deployment of GHG-mitigating technologies is already a significant part of this effort and likely to be even more so in the future, drawing lessons from existing programmes can help accelerate and enhance the effectiveness of this deployment process. Accordingly, this article aims to examine the deployment of wind and solar power in India, paying specific attention to the role of public policy in incentivizing and facilitating this deployment, how these policies have evolved over time, what has shaped this evolution, and what the learning has been over this period. Through this analysis, the intention is to draw out key lessons from India's experience with deployment policies and programmes in these two sectors and highlight the issues that will need to be given particular consideration in the design of future domestic policies and international cooperation programmes to enhance the move towards climate-compatible development in India. Many of these lessons should also be relevant for other developing countries that are attempting to balance their climate and developmental priorities through the deployment of renewable energy technologies.     

结合影像的LIDAR数据三维建筑物提取

随着LIDAR技术的出现,三维建筑物的提取也受到越来越多的重视。由于LIDAR数据分布的不连续性和不规律性,直接从机载激光扫描测距数据中进行建筑物提取较为困难。本文提出了一种结合灰度影像的LIDAR数据三维建筑物提取方法,分三个步骤:首先对灰度影像进行建筑物二维提取;然后将处理后影像和LIDAR数据粗匹配,初步确定LI-DAR数据中的三维建筑物区域;最后利用一组阈值操作进行三维建筑物的精确提取。实验结果表明该方法简单实用,适应性强。     

On the dynamic response of regular structures exhibiting tilt

The mechanical characteristics of earthquake‐resistant structures and the ground motion properties that have an important influence on the seismic performance of structures with asymmetric load–deformation behaviour, are identified from the results obtained from a parametric study of the dynamic response of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems. The dynamic response of tilted single and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems, designed according to Mexican requirements for the design of asymmetric structures is studied. After a general understanding of this phenomenon is offered, shortcomings in current design requirements for tilted structures are discussed. Research needs to establish a rational design approach of this type of structures are identified. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A macro‐element model for inelastic building analysis

A three‐dimensional model for approximate inelastic analysis of buildings is presented herein. The model is based on a single macro‐element per building storey. The inelastic properties of the model are characterized by the so‐called ultimate storey shear and torque (USST) surfaces. Different algorithms for the construction of these surfaces, as well as their applications in building modelling, are presented and discussed. Two alternative procedures are developed to integrate the force‐deformation constitutive relationship of the macro‐elements. The first one follows the exact trajectory of the load path of the structure on the USST, and the second uses linear programming without ever forming the USST surface. The accuracy of the model and integration procedure is evaluated by means of the earthquake response of single‐storey systems. The model and integration procedure developed is finally used to compute the inelastic response of a seven‐storey R/C building. The results of this investigation show that the model proposed, although approximate, can be effective in estimating the inelastic deformation demand of a building. It also enables the engineer to capture and interpret important features of the three‐dimensional inelastic response of a structure even before performing any inelastic dynamic analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

融合主题语义特征的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物自动化识别

建筑物提取是高分辨率遥感影像解译领域的一项重要工作,由于遥感技术的宏观性、实时性和周期性特点,基于遥感影像的建筑物识别对于城市管理与国土规划等领域具有非常大的应用潜力.本文介绍了一种基于影像主题语义特征建模的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法并通过具体的影像场景加以实践应用,该方法首先对影像进行对象级的分割,然后利用LDA...     

不动产统一登记的难点与对策—湖南澧县试点的经验总结

自湖南省开展不动产统一登记试点工作以来,澧县不动产统一登记已进入全面实施阶段。该文扼要叙述了澧县不动产统一登记的推进进程,分析了不动产统一登记的难点,并从总结试点经验入手,探析需要把握的组织机构、岗位设置、工作衔接、资料移交等工作要点,提出了湖南全面开展不动产登记工作的建议。