高分辨率遥感在西藏罗布莎地区地质调查中的应用

研究区位于西藏罗布莎地区,其罗布莎蛇绿岩体蕴藏着我国目前规模最大的铬铁矿床。以WorldView-2高空间分辨率遥感数据为基本信息源,对研究区进行遥感地质解译。与传统多光谱数据ETM+、ASTER等相比,WorldView-2具有更高的空间分辨率和相对较窄且连续的光谱。对研究区WorldView-2图像进行正射校正、大气校正和影像融合后,采用最佳指数法选择8-6-4波段组合进行假彩色合成,同时结合真彩色5-3-2波段,突出各地质体单元色调差异。我们利用其空间分辨率优势建立区内主要岩性和构造的高空间分辨率遥感解译标志。通过野外地质验证,解译结果充分显示了WorldView-2高分辨率影像在海拔较高、工作环境恶劣地区进行矿产资源勘查的技术优势和应用前景。     

高分辨率地震成像研究--21世纪地震学发展的一个重要趋势

随着宽频带地震观测技术的不断发展,全球及区域数字地震观测台网的密度正在不断加大,用于流动地震观测的宽频带地震仪的数量将继续迅速增加。与此同时,宽频带数字地震观测资料的积累速率按指数增长,这意味着震源波裂过程及地球内部结构的高分辨率地震成像研究将成为２１世纪地震学发展的重要趋势。地震学与地球动力学研究的关系将日趋紧密,宽频带流动地震观测的作用和重要性必将与日俱增。     

gPhone重力仪的面波频段响应实测研究

以中国大陆构造环境监测网络昆明台和恩施台gPhone相对重力仪连续重力潮汐观测数据为基础,研究了gPhone重力仪在1 mHz以上频段的高频响应。从瑞利面波角度获得gPhone重力仪的高频响应,并且通过与同址观测的STS-1地震仪LHZ分量数据进行对比,验证了gPhone重力仪高频观测结果的可靠性。对比从gPhone重力仪和STS-1地震仪观测数据中提取到的面波波形和群速度频散曲线,发现昆明台两类仪器观测到面波信号的振幅和相位都较为一致,而恩施台仅振幅较为一致,相位上存在较明显差异,gPhone重力仪记录的面波信号在各频段存在不同的时间延迟。用两类仪器观测数据获得了大地震激发的自由振荡,结果表明两类仪器观测到的基频球型模态自由振荡的频率和振幅都吻合较好,进一步验证了gPhone重力仪对高频频段信号振幅响应的可靠性。以上研究结果表明:利用gPhone重力仪能够准确地观测到大地震激发的面波和自由振荡等高频信号的振幅,但在记录信号的相位信息时,有些仪器会有相位偏移产生,如果研究中需要考虑信号的相位,则必须获得仪器相位偏移量,再进行仪器相位校正。     

高边坡桥墩倾斜机理分析与安全性评价

高陡边坡桥墩同时承受上部结构传递的竖向荷载和桩周土体的侧向压力,墩柱受力性能复杂,易出现病害,影响桥梁安全。结合某高速公路桥墩倾斜的工程实例,对高陡边坡桥墩倾斜的机理进行分析,并对倾斜桥墩的安全性能进行评价。通过考虑边坡土体和桥墩的相互作用,采用数值方法对高陡边坡桥墩的受力特征进行研究,分析了墩柱倾斜和开裂的机理,并基于不同荷载下墩柱的内力组合,对墩柱的承载力进行评定。结果表明,边坡潜在滑移面受扰动后产生的坡体推力是引起墩柱倾斜的主要原因,坡体推力与车辆荷载及汽车制动力组合后,桥墩的承载力将不能满足设计要求。     

Study on effects of damping in laminated rubber bearings on seismic responses for a ⅛ scale isolated test structure

The effects of damping in various laminated rubber bearings (LRB) on the seismic response of a ?‐scale isolated test structure are investigated by shaking table tests and seismic response analyses. A series of shaking table tests of the structure were performed for a fixed base design and for a base isolation design. Two different types of LRB were used: natural rubber bearings (NRB) and lead rubber bearings (LLRB). Three different designs for the LLRB were tested; each design had a different diameter of lead plug, and thus, different damping values. Artificial time histories of peak ground acceleration 0.4g were used in both the tests and the analyses. In both shaking table tests and analyses, as expected, the acceleration responses of the seismically isolated test structure were considerably reduced. However, the shear displacement at the isolators was increased. To reduce the shear displacement in the isolators, the diameter of the lead plug in the LLRB had to be enlarged to increase isolator damping by more than 24%. This caused the isolator stiffness to increase, and resulted in amplifying the floor acceleration response spectra of the isolated test structure in the higher frequency ranges with a monotonic reduction of isolator shear displacement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conductivity of NaCl solution at 0.4–5.0 GPa and 25–500 °C

NaCI-H₂O is the most fundamental ternary system in geology. Until now, the measurements of electrical conductivity of NaCl solutions are still little at high pressures (> O.5 GPa) We measured the conductivity of 0.01 m NaCl solution at 0.4–5.0 GPa and 25-500°C. The results are consistent with that of Quist and Marshall (1968) at 0.4 GPa. The conductivity of NaCl solution increases with increasing temperature. The results also show that the conductivity of NaCl solution changes little with increasing pressure below 1.5 GPa and changes rapidly with increasing pressure above 1.5 GPa. The rapid increase of the conductivity of NaCl solution may play an important role in many geological processes (such as the genesis of ore deposits under hydrothermal condition) and other fields. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

The experimental studies on electrical con-ductivities and P-wave velocities of anortho-site at high pressure and high temperature

Introduction The measurements of the compressional wave velocity and electrical conductivity of minerals and rocks are of fundamental importance to look into the earths interior, including composition, geotherm, generation and distribution of fluids and melts. Hydrous minerals formed by metamatu-siom are abundant within the earth. Previous studies have been carried out on the dehydration effect on the electrical conductivity and wave velocity of rocks such as serpentine, amphibole, most of whi…     

新一代陆用MT观测系统

大地电磁法( MT)是地球深部探测的有效物探手段之一,也是当今地球物理工作者的研究热点。要实现MT探测,用于野外观测的仪器系统是基础,要求观测系统具有高可靠、高精度、多台同步、轻便等特点。通过集成嵌入式计算机、DTCXO、24位ADC、锂电池组等部件研制了采集主机,动态范围达119 dB(fs=2400 Hz),功耗约1600 mW,并配备了轻便的低噪声感应式磁传感器、低漂移电场传感器以及用于野外仪器自检的自检盒,在提高了仪器可靠性的同时也提高了野外数据采集质量和野外施工效率。多次室内及野外试验验证了本观测系统的可靠性、低功耗、轻便性及易用性,可满足陆地MT勘探施工的要求。     

Dust production and the release of iron oxides resulting from the aeolian abrasion of natural dune sands

Global dust trajectories indicate that signi?cant quantities of aeolian‐transported iron oxides originate in contemporary dryland areas. One potential source is the iron‐rich clay coatings that characterize many sand‐sized particles in desert dune?elds. This paper uses laboratory experiments to determine the rate at which these coatings can be removed from dune sands by aeolian abrasion. The coatings impart a red colour to the grains to which previous researchers have assigned variable geomorphological signi?cance. The quantities of iron removed during a 120 hour abrasion experiment are small (99 mg kg^?1) and dif?cult to detect by eye; however, high resolution spectroscopy clearly indicates that ferric oxides are released during abrasion and the re?ectance of the particles alters. One of the products of aeolian abrasion is ?ne particles (<10 µm diameter) with the potential for long distance transport. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL FILTER INITIALIZATION FOR WRF MODEL

Initialization and initial imbalance problem were discussed in the context of a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the new generation “Weather Research and Forecasting Model”. Several options of digital filter initialization have been tested with a rain storm case. It is shown that digital filter initialization, especially diabatic digital filter initialization and twice digital filter initialization, have effectively removed spurious high frequency noise from initial data for numerical weather prediction and produced balanced initial conditions. For six consecutive intermittent data assimilation cycles covering a 3-day period, mean initialization increments and impact on forecast variables are studied. DFI has been demonstrated to provide better adjustment of the hydrometeors and vertical velocity, reduced spin-up time, and improved forecast variables quantity.