岩石颗粒破碎的尺寸效应

固体颗粒破碎强度的尺寸效应是一种普遍存在的现象,冰块、岩石颗粒、陶瓷和混凝土块等的破碎强度都表现出随颗粒直径增加而减小的现象,分形模型为解释固体颗粒破碎强度的尺寸效应提供了可行的方法。本文采用Steacy和Sammis分形模型模拟了岩石颗粒压碎特征,分析岩石颗粒破碎后的颗粒分布规律,给出颗粒破碎分维的确定方法,建立颗粒压碎强度与粒径的理论关系,颗粒破碎强度与颗粒粒径的关系用分维D表示为fdD-3。已有的颗粒破碎分布的数据表明,岩石颗粒破碎的分维大约为2.50～2.60,颗粒破碎强度符合用分维表示的尺寸效应。     

沈阳地区砂土碎石土层抗拔桩承载力的试验研究

通过沈阳砂土地区旋挖成孔抗拔桩的现场静载试验、钢筋应力测试等试验,研究单桩抗拔承载能力、侧摩阻力的分布规律,得出以下结论：按地层年代划分土层确定侧摩阻力比按岩性名称划分更为合理;压浆前、后增强段侧阻力增强系数约在1.15～1.62之间;扩径支盘现象可以使局部摩阻力发挥较大,但也限制了其下部一定桩长范围内摩阻力的发挥.     

天水市“7.25”群发性山洪地质灾害发育特征及成因分析

通过对天水市"7.25"群发性山洪地质灾害的现场调查,系统查明了此次地质灾害的灾情、致灾因素、灾害特征、致灾范围以及分布规律,分析了此次山洪地质灾害发育特征及成因。结果表明:本次由强降雨引发并加剧的地质灾害类型主要以黄土-泥岩及黄土滑坡为主,中小型沟谷泥石流、土质崩塌和土质不稳定斜坡次之。"7.25"山洪地质灾害具有普遍性、群发性、局地爆发性等特征,其隐蔽性强,潜在危害大,灾害链模式显著。灾害发生期间降雨具有强度大、范围广等特点,使区内山体岩土体饱和,显著降低了岩土体抗剪强度,加之与地震的叠加效应明显加剧了此次群发性山洪地质灾害。     

藏北龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带发现晚石炭世—早二叠世洋岛型岩石组合

天泉群岛出露于龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带的中西段,也是目前该缝合带上所发现的第一套洋岛型岩石组合。通过野外踏勘、剖面测制等对天泉群岛进行了较为详细的研究,结果显示,天泉群岛由9个孤立、岩石组合不同的洋岛组成,其中独泉沟洋岛、屏风岭洋岛的洋岛组分齐全,见玄武岩、灰岩、砾岩、硅质岩等,其他洋岛的洋岛组分不全。天泉群岛与展金组复理石沉积为整合接触,表明其形成时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世。天泉群岛的厘定,说明龙木错—双湖—澜沧江大洋在晚石炭世—早二叠世仍具有成熟的洋壳。该项研究进一步丰富了龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带的演化内容,为反演区域地质演化历史提供了依据。     

江西德兴铜矿大坞河土壤重金属累积特征与成因

江西德兴铜矿是中国超大型斑岩铜矿,随着矿业活动的增加,德兴铜矿区重金属污染问题日益严重。查明德兴铜矿土壤重金属累积作用及原因,可为政府机构、矿山开展环境整冶提供科学依据。在大坞河上游、中游、下游选定3个剖面,采集50件土壤样品,得出其基于地球化学基线的累积特征。整体来讲,Cu、Mo累积作用最为显著,Cr、As累积作用明显,同时发现一级、二级阶地上累积显著,并从矿石组合、地化背景、河流阶地、元素形态、矿山生产等角度开展累积作用的原因分析。     

Causes of geothermal fields and characteristics of ground temperature fields in China

There are many arguments on energy sources and main controlling factors of geothermal fields, so a systematic study on the distribution of ground temperature fields shall be necessary. In this paper the thermal conduction forward method of geothermal field is used to simulate cooling rate of abnormal heat sources and heat transfer of the paleo-uplift model. Combined with a large number of geothermal field exploration cases and oil exploration well temperature curves of domestic and foreign, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) According to the magmatic activity time, the magmatism activities are divided into two categories: Magma active areas (activity time < 500 000 years) and weak/magma inactive areas (activity time > 500 000 years). The latter has a fast cooling rate (the cooling time of the magma pocket buried around 10 km is less than 200 000 years) after it has intruded into the shallow layer and it has no direct contribution to modern geothermal fields; (2) China belongs to a weak/magma inactive area such as Tengchong region and Qinghai-Tibet region because the chronological data of these regions show that its magma activity time is more than 500 000 years; (3) The temperature of most geothermal fields can be obviously divided into three segments in the vertical direction: A high geothermal gradient segment (Segment H) at the surface, then a low geothermal gradient segment (Segment L) at a secondary depth, and finally a lower temperature segment (Segment D) at a deeper depth. The temperature isoline presents a mirror reflection relation on the temperature profile, indicating that geothermal field is dominated by heat conduction, rather than having an abnormally high temperature “heat source” to provide heat; (4) Near-surface (0-5 km) materials’ lateral heterogeneity caused by tectonic movement shall probably be the main controlling factor of ground temperature fields.     

A constitutive model for unsaturated soils with consideration of inter-particle bonding

The paper presents a physically-based constitutive model for unsaturated soils that considers the bonding effect of water menisci at inter-particle contacts. A bonding factor has been used to represent the magnitude of the equivalent bonding stress, defined as the bonding force per unit cross-sectional area. The average skeleton stress is employed to represent the effect of average fluid pressures within soil pores. Based on an empirical relationship between the bonding factor ζ and the ratio e/e_s (where e and e_s are void ratios at unsaturated and saturated states, respectively, at the same average skeleton stress), we propose an elasto-plastic constitutive model for isotropic stress states, and then extend this model to triaxial stress states within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. Because only one yield surface is needed in the proposed model, a relatively small number of parameters are required. Comparisons between experimental data and model results show that, in most cases, the proposed model can reasonably capture the important features of unsaturated soil behavior.     

地埋管地源热泵技术在贵州岩溶地区的应用研究

地埋管热泵技术是采集地表以下200 m深度内的浅层地热能进行供热制冷的新型能源利用技术,而该技术在贵州碳酸盐岩分布区的应用和推广之所以受到制约,其主要原因是岩溶地层中建造垂直换热孔的难度大、成本较高。通过贵州省有色科技大楼附楼采用垂直地埋管式与基础桩螺旋盘管式有效组合的换热系统,在岩溶一般至中等发育的碳酸盐岩地层中开发利用浅层地热能的成功经验的介绍,为地埋管热泵技术在贵州岩溶地区的应用和推广提供参考。     

利用小波变换压制静态效应的方法

利用有限元大地电磁二维正演程序模拟了二层大地低阻静态效应的地电模型,研究了静态效应产生的原理及其影响,并利用小波变换方法对静态效应进行压制,相对于其他常规空间滤波法来说,取得了较好的压制效果,证实了小波变换方法在压制静态效应当中的可行性和有效性。用小波变换方法对某工区实测EH-4音频大地电磁资料数据进行分析、处理,从数学上识别和判断了静态效应,在较好地压制静态效应的同时又能较好地突出地层原本的地质异常。     

红外光谱和拉曼光谱在热处理海蓝宝石鉴定中的应用

在适当的热处理条件下,黄绿色绿柱石能够转变为理想颜色的海蓝宝石。天然海蓝宝石与热处理海蓝宝石的价格差异较大,因此探索热处理海蓝宝石的诊断性鉴定特征就显得十分必要。对不同温度下热处理海蓝宝石进行傅里叶变换红外光谱和激光拉曼光谱的测试分析,结果发现,当热处理温度超过400℃后,随着加热温度的升高,在红外光谱中由[Fe2（OH）4]2＋伸缩振动gI起的3233cm叫处吸收谱峰明显减弱,直至消失。5268cm叫附近由水伸缩和弯曲振动}I起合频区的吸收带由尖峰变得宽缓;8700,6818cm叫两处水吸收峰的相对强度也随着加热温度升高而减弱。热处理海蓝宝石Si-0-Si伸缩振动产生的在682,3604cm叫处的拉曼光谱谱峰强度随着加热温度升高逐渐减弱,1070cm“处的拉曼峰强度明显降低。经700℃加热后,拉曼光谱基线明显向上方漂移。这些光谱特征变化对热处理海蓝宝石的鉴定有重要意义。