空间分类在连锁超市选址中的应用研究

空间数据挖掘是一种知识决策支持技术,本文以大型综合连锁超市为例,研究了空间分类挖掘方法在连锁超市选址预测中的应用问题。结合连锁超市定位理论,对实验数据进行了选择和处理。同时进行了基于关联的分类实验,得到指导和预测选址的知识,并对预测知识的准确性和可信度进行了检验,结果显示预测准确率和可信度较高。本文制定的挖掘方案可为连...     

一种多/高光谱遥感图像端元提取的凸锥分析算法

凸锥分析方法常用于多光谱和高光谱遥感图像的端元提取。遥感图像中的每个像元都可以看作一个多维向量,整幅影像看作由离散的非负向量构成的凸锥,通过寻找凸锥的角点来自动获取图像的端元。本文提出了一种自动选择最佳凸锥角点的方法,应用到传统的凸锥分析方法中,提高了凸锥分析方法的效率。利用模拟数据和真实数据实验验证了算法的可行性。     

考虑动态泥膜效应的盾构开挖面稳定理论研究

泥水盾构工法被广泛应用于高压富水复杂地质环境中修筑隧道,其中开挖面稳定控制是工程成败的关键,在盾构掘进时,由于刀盘不断旋转切削地层,开挖面上的泥膜处于“形成―破坏―再形成”的动态循环过程,泥膜透水性增强,这种动态泥膜作用下开挖面的稳定如何评价有待于进一步探索。对此,对泥水盾构掘进过程中的动态泥膜进行了分类,提出了考虑盾构运动和泥浆渗滤特征的动态泥膜理论。在此基础上,采用空间离散法将泥水压力引入旋转体模型,建立了考虑动态泥膜效应的开挖面稳定力学模型,提出了泥水盾构动态掘进过程中开挖面临界泥浆压力及泥浆支护效率评估方法,研究指出：当盾构在强渗透性地层中掘进时,在尽量提高泥浆成膜率的同时,应注重泥浆黏度调节,充分发挥渗透力支护作用,同时可适当提高盾构掘进速度并降低刀盘转速,有利于开挖面稳定控制。以泥浆成膜率、等效渗透系数为依据给出了泥浆支护效率设计图,研究工作对盾构掘进支护压力控制和泥浆配置有一定的借鉴意义。     

煤炭地下气化技术及其应用前景

煤炭地下气化是一种煤炭原位开采技术。文中介绍了煤炭地下气化的工艺过程、技术特征、技术发展历程及其应用前景,特别强调煤炭地下气化应用过程的科学选址及地下水污染防控问题。煤炭地下气化的析气过程是基于煤岩混杂的渗滤通道反应,包含沿径向及沿轴向的煤气化反应过程。随气化通道扩展形成单个稳定气化周期。基于长距离定向钻井及连续油管的移动注气点后退气化工艺,奠定了煤炭地下气化商业化应用的技术基础。地下气化煤气可用于燃气蒸汽联合循环发电,并逐步用作化工原料气。通过科学选址并采取地下水污染防控措施,可以使煤炭地下气化成为新一代的绿色化学采煤技术,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Landfill site selection based on reliability concepts using the DRASTIC method and AHP integrated with GIS – a case study of Bengaluru city,India

The selection of landfill sites for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal involves consideration of geological, hydrological and environmental parameters which exhibit large spatial variability. Therefore, it is necessary to define, to what extent the chosen sites are reliable such that the probability of environmental pollution and health risks to population is minimal. In the present study, groundwater vulnerability to contamination has been assessed using the standard DRASTIC method. The results showed that the study region has 9.45% of very less, 32.94% of less, 25.47% of moderate, 22.79% of high and 9.35% of very high vulnerable zones. The study also revealed that none of the landfills are located in safe zones. This suggests that it requires proper remedial measures to avoid environmental pollution. A landfill site selection process has been carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process integrated with Geographical Information System tools. The obtained results showed that only 3.59?km² (0.08%) of the total area is suitable for landfills. The reliability analysis of the site suitability revealed that landfills are located at unreliable locations where the probability of risk to environmental pollution is high. The presented approach assists decision-makers in selecting reliable locations for the safe disposal of MSW.     

新疆尼勒克、巩留县交界6.0级地震测震应急流动台站架设及经验探讨

对新疆尼勒克、巩留交界6.0级地震测震应急流动台站的架设工作进行总结,针对应急流动台站的台址勘选、仪器设备的安装架设形式及数据实时传输等方面进行分析,总结经验,发现不足.期望对今后的地震现场应急流动测震台站的安装架设起到一定的参考作用.     

土壤铅含量高光谱遥感反演中波段选择方法研究

利用高光谱遥感数据进行了南京郊外土壤重金属元素铅的含量反演,由于高光谱数据波段众多,波段选择或变换至关重要。比较了基于次贪婪的前向选择模型的最小角度拟合和基于遗传算法进行波段选择的最小二乘和偏最小二乘拟合,结果发现基于遗传算法的偏最小二乘反演结果优于全波段的偏最小二乘,表明波段选择在高光谱反演重金属中是有益的。尽管采取了波段选择后的各方法在反演时均能达到70%以上的训练精度,但因遗传算法搜索的解空间范围更宽广,使得基于遗传算法的偏最小二乘优于前向选择模型的最小角度拟合。最后还比较了基于遗传算法的普通最小二乘和偏最小二乘拟合,结果表明偏最小二乘更优,因此在高光谱反演重金属含量当中,偏最小二乘精度较高,而在波段选择方法中,遗传算法更优。     

准噶尔盆地中部1区钻井优化设计研究

围绕钻井工程设计优化展开研究,论述了准噶尔盆地中部1区井身结构优化过程,提出了井身结构优化方案;建立了该区岩石可钻性剖面,结合钻头使用效果评价,推荐了钻头选型方案;介绍了该区钻井液体系优选及使用情况。形成了准噶尔盆地中部1区钻井设计优化方案,提出了后续研究方向。     

深部咸水层二氧化碳地质储存场地选址储盖层评价

深部咸水层CO2地质储存属于环保型工程项目,开展地质评价来确定良好的储盖层是实现CO2地质储存长期、有效、安全封存的首要前提。储层地质评价内容主要包括储层的物理性质及其注入能力等;盖层地质评价内容主要包括盖层发育特征及封闭能力等。在规划选址到工程选址的不同阶段,储盖层评价的内容和对象应根据不同阶段的目的依次提高精度和量化程度。通过国内深部咸水层CO2地质储存工程场地选址阶段划分,结合储盖层地质评价的主要内容,初步建立了储盖层适宜性评价指标及其分级标准,对国内深部咸水层CO2地质储存工程场地选址中的储盖层地质评价及适宜性评价工作具有一定的指导意义。     

Variogram Model Selection via Nonparametric Derivative Estimation

Before optimal linear prediction can be performed on spatial data sets, the variogram is usually estimated at various lags and a parametric model is fitted to those estimates. Apart from possible a priori knowledge about the process and the user's subjectivity, there is no standard methodology for choosing among valid variogram models like the spherical or the exponential ones. This paper discusses the nonparametric estimation of the variogram and its derivative, based on the spectral representation of positive definite functions. The use of the estimated derivative to help choose among valid parametric variogram models is presented. Once a model is selected, its parameters can be estimated—for example, by generalized least squares. A small simulation study is performed that demonstrates the usefulness of estimating the derivative to help model selection and illustrates the issue of aliasing. MATLAB software for nonparametric variogram derivative estimation is available at http://www-math.mit.edu/~gorsich/derivative.html. An application to the Walker Lake data set is also presented.