The effects of stock size and environmental variability on Cape hake recruitment in Namibia: an unsolved puzzle (a comment on Kainge et al. 2013)

Measuring and forecasting recruitment are central to the understanding and management of fish stocks. Kainge et al. (2013) studied the effect of spawning stock size and environmental fluctuations on the recruitment levels of the Cape hake Merluccius capensis in Namibia. However, their study contains some flaws that undermine the conclusion that Cape hake recruitment is under the influence of upwelling in summer. Until those flaws are properly addressed, this conclusion, in our view, should be treated with caution.     

栉孔扇贝血细胞数量变化与生长的关系

于2009年3月至2010年1月期间,每月中旬分别从青岛和威海两地区采集人工养殖和野生的栉孔扇贝(Chla-mys farreri)。采集的扇贝经壳长测量后,于闭壳肌血窦中取血,离心,重悬,超声波破碎后制得血细胞破碎液。从抗栉孔扇贝血细胞的单克隆抗体库中筛选出1株与颗粒血细胞和透明血细胞均能结合,并能与血细胞多个蛋白结合的单克隆抗体作为酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)中的第一抗体;第二抗体为碱性磷酸酶标记的羊抗鼠抗体。将血细胞破碎液包被于酶标板孔中,经一抗、二抗孵育后,显色读数,分析血细胞数量与生长的关系。结果表明:两地区人工养殖和野生扇贝的壳长均由3月的2 cm左右增长到了次年1月的7 cm以上,其中4～7月增长较快,而8～1月相对缓慢。两地区人工养殖和野生扇贝的血细胞数量于3～6月间均维持在较高的水平,6月达到最高峰,随后急剧下降,并于8或9月达到最低值,此后10～1月有所回升,但仍显著低于3～6月的水平。结论认为:栉孔扇贝血细胞数量与生长的关系在两地区、两扇贝品种间差别不大;但3～6月栉孔扇贝生长较快,血细胞数量相对高;而8～10月栉孔扇贝生长缓慢,其血细胞数量较低。     

波致应力的近似求解及其太平洋特征分析

基于波致应力计算中对海浪谱和波浪增长率公式的敏感性分析,选择适当的波致应力近似求解方法,计算和探讨了太平洋波致应力的时空分布特征。敏感性分析中,选择了4种常用的波浪增长率公式和3种经验解析海浪谱。推导了计算波致应力的单波公式,并将其与JONSWAP谱积分公式和Elfouhaily谱积分公式进行比较,同时使用了由风速和有效波高资料构造的Elfouhaily谱积分公式计算太平洋波致应力。结果表明:Belcher等(1993)的波浪增长率计算公式估算的波致应力与实验数据吻合度较好,同时适用ERA-interim数据;当波龄小于1.2时运用Elfouhaily谱积分公式更合适,当波龄大于1.2时运用单波公式更快速有效;太平洋的波致应力分布与风场之间存在明显的相关性;2009年1月、4月、7月和10月太平洋波致应力的季节性特征分析表明四个季节的西风带波致应力较其他地区都更强盛,而在时间变化上1月和10月为波致应力整体较为强盛的时期。     

增长曲线模型中线性估计类所有可容许估计

对增长曲线模型中回归矩阵的函数的线性估计进行了研究。在矩阵损失下 ,作者得到了线性估计在一切线性估计类中可容许的充要条件     

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because ?sh live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the in?uence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the ef fects of stocking density. The ?sh were reared for 220 days at ?ve densities(A: 24 kg/m^3; B: 21 kg/m^3; C: 15 kg/m^3; D: 9 kg/m^3 and E: 6 kg/m^3). The results show that 30 kg/m^3 might be the maximum density which RAS can af ford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m^3 have no ef fect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the speci?c growth rate(SGR), ?nal weight and weight gain in the high density group were signi?cantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate(FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T_3 and GH showed signi?cant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone(T 3), GH(growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no ef fects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise effcient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.     

营养盐硅和水温影响浮游植物的机制

通过研究分析Si和水温对浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变影响,探讨了硅和水温影响浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变,本文研究发现,浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变的过程,营养盐硅和水温影响浮游植物生长变化和其集群结构改变的机制,确定了营养盐硅和水温是海洋生态系统的健康运行的动力。     

中国龙虾生长特点及促生长途径的探讨

蜕壳后新甲壳完全硬化之前是中国龙虾(Panulirus stimpsoni)个体蜕壳生长过程的延续,对中国龙虾正常快速生长具有重要意义。环境因子、营养条件对中国龙虾的蜕壳与生长具有显著影响。24-27℃是中国龙虾蜕壳生长的适温范围;盐度24-32适宜中国龙虾生长,最适生长盐度是28;在6种试验饵料中翡翠贻贝饲养中国龙虾效果最好,其次是杂虾、杂蟹、牡蛎,投喂杂鱼的中国龙虾蜕壳增长率和阶段生长率都很低;龙虾饲料中添加蜕壳素能够縮短蜕壳周期,实现蜕壳率和蜕壳增长率的同步增长。摘除眼柄也能促进中国龙虾的蜕壳与生长,电刺激等外源刺激则只能促进蜕壳,而不能加速中国龙虾的生长,甚至可能产生负面影响。中国龙虾生长存在种内性别间的差异,同等条件下雄性个体的蜕壳增长率高于雌性个体。     

A novel technique in analyzing non-linear wave-wave interaction

During wave growth non-linear wave–wave interactions cause transfer of some wave energy from lower to higher wave periods as the spectrum grows. Wavelet bicoherence, which is a new technique in the analysis of wind–wave and wave–wave interactions, is used to analyze non-linear wave–wave interactions. A selected record of wind wave that contains the maximum wave height observed during 6 h of wave generation is divided into five segments and wavelet bicoherence is computed for the whole record, and for all divided segments. The study shows that the non-linear wave–wave interaction occurs at different bicoherence levels and these levels are different from one segment to another due to the non-stationarity feature of the examined data set.     

水产饲料添加剂--多糖肽对珍珠贝生长的影响

利用光度法测定法分别测定了水产饲料添加剂多糖肽(简称多糖肽)的氨基酸、多糖和维生素的含量;利用平行对照试验法,观察了多糖肽对珍珠贝生长发育的影响。实验结果表明,多糖肽的氨基酸、多糖和维生素含量分别为40％～48％,12％～19％和9％～10％;多糖肤具有显著促进合浦珠母贝(Pinctada functa Gould)后期幼虫、幼龄贝和大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima Jameson )幼龄贝生长发育的作用、同时能够提高大珠母贝幼龄贝的存活率。