Seismic Ground Motion Expected for the Eastern District of Naples

The seismic ground motion of a test area in the eastern district of Naples is computed with a hybrid technique based on the mode summation and the finite difference methods. This technique allows us the realistic modelling of source and propagation effects, including local soil conditions. In the modelling, we consider the 1980 Irpinia earthquake, a good example of strong shaking for the area of Naples, which is located about 90 km from the epicenter.The detailed geological setting is reconstructed from a large number of drillings. The sub-soil is mainly formed by alluvial (ash, stratified sand and peat) and pyroclastic materials overlying a pyroclastic rock (yellow neapolitan tuff), representing the neapolitan bedrock. The detailed information available on mechanical properties of the sub-soil and its geometry warrants the application of the sophisticated hybrid technique.As expected, the sedimentary cover causes an increase of the signal's amplitudes and duration. If thin peat layers are present, the amplification effects are reduced, and the peak ground accelerations are similar to those observed for the bedrock model. This can be explained by the backscattering of wave energy at such layers, that tend to seismically decouple the upper from the lower part of the structure.For SH-waves, the influence of the variations of the S-wave velocities on the spectral amplification is studied, by considering locally measured velocities and values determined from near-by down-hole measurements. The comparison between the computed spectral amplifications confirms the key role of an accurate determination of the seismic velocities of the different layers.The comparison performed between a realistic 2-D seismic response and a standard 1-D response, based on the vertical propagation of waves in a plane layered structure, shows considerable difference, from which it is evident that serious caution must be taken in the modelling of expected ground motion at a specific site.     

若尔盖高原及其周围山地的冻土和环境

若尔盖高原内部年平均气温０．６～３．３℃，气温年较差１９．１～２１．２℃，已不具备多年冻土形成和保存的气候条件。据１９９２年７月间试坑和钻孔测温，在１．０～２．２ｍ深处地温为５～８．４℃，浅层地下水温６．０～７．８℃，由此判断不存在多年冻土，季节冻结深度为１．０～２．０ｍ。据冻土现象和试坑资料判断，周围山地海拔４１５０～４２００ｍ以上发育山地岛状多年冻土。区内沼泽演化表明，部分沼泽已疏干或向疏干趋势发展，草场退化和草原沙化已成为本区生态环境的重要问题，并已影响畜牧业发展     

端头扩大型土层锚杆技术

锚固力是土锚重要的工作性指标，端头扩大型土层锚杆技术作为提高锚固力的一种有效手段虎来越得到人们的重视，为此，在这着重介绍国内外土层锚杆端头扩大技术的原理及应用发展情况。     

钻孔岩芯饼状断裂破坏机制

本文首先阐述岩芯饼状断裂及其特征, 进而用断裂力学的理论与方法对岩饼破坏进行了断裂扩张机制的分析, 不但合理地解释了断裂特征及断裂破坏机制, 且以二滩坝址为例, 分析了产生钻孔岩饼的微裂纹条件及应力条件, 为定量地评价坝址地应力状态, 包括其大小及方向提供了一种新的方法。上述不仅具有重要的理论意义, 而且具有重要的工程实际意义。     

多相地貌单元场地勘察中基岩与卵砾石、孤石的鉴别

在多相地貌单元场地勘察中，基岩与卵砾石的鉴别难度较大。应利用初步感性认识、钻进状态、岩样特征等多手段对基岩与卵砾石进行判别，以提高判别率。     

粉喷桩处理软基的变形及固结测试分析

以广珠准高速铁路软土路堤试验粉喷桩处理段的变形及孔压测试数据为基础 ,对用粉喷桩处理深厚软土地基的沉降、基底横向差异沉降、边桩变形、孔压分布规律及固结进行了分析     

急倾斜煤层开采地表沉陷的渐近灰色预测

煤层开采所引起的地表沉陷是一种严重的矿区地质灾害。煤层的倾角、厚度等物理条件是地表沉陷的主要影响因素。在水平煤层或缓倾斜煤的开采过程中，由于地层倾角小，地表沉陷具有较完整的规律性，其预测效果也比较理想。但是，在急倾斜煤层的开采中，由于地层倾角较大，赋存条件和地质体物理力学性质的差异，增强了地表下沉的非线性特征，使地表沉陷具有不确定的表现规律。文章对重庆市南桐矿区东林矿的地表沉陷非线性特征进行了探讨，得到了东林煤矿地表下沉曲线的分形维数是1．07。在岩层移动这个系统当中，既含有已知的又含有未知的或非确定的信息，可以作为一个灰色系统来研究。岩层控制系统的状态、结构和边界条件难以精确描述，属本征性灰色系统。文章针对东林煤矿地表下沉曲线非线性较弱的性质，提出用一种基于GM(1，1)的渐近预测模型对东林煤矿42个月的地表下沉量时间序列进行探讨。结果表明，这种模型对急倾斜层开采地表沉陷的预测是一种行之有效的方法。通过对其他工程实例的应用分析，进一步证明这种渐近的灰色预测方法具有相对较高的精度，是一种比较实用的地表沉陷预测方法，具有广泛的工程实用空间。     

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

The geography information system of the 1303 Hongton M=8 earthquake has been established. Using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of damage and isoseismal of the earthquake are studies. By comparing with the standard earthquake intensity attenuation relationship, the abnormal damage distribution of the earthquake is found, so the relationship of the abnormal distribution with tectonics, site condition and basin are analyzed. In this paper, the influence on the ground motion generated by earthquake source and the underground structures near source also are studied. The influence on seismic zonation, anti-earthquake design, earthquake prediction and earthquake emergency responding produced by the abnormal density distribution are discussed. Foundation item: National important fundamental research “The Basic Research of Important Project in Damage Environment” and The important project “The Seismic Hazard Assessment Research and Anti-earthquake Structure Research” from China Earthquake Administration during the 10th Five-year Plan. Contribution No. 04FE1008, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.