中国地方政府财政赤字率的时空演变——地理监视的应用

运用重心模型、时空跃迁和地理监视揭示了中国地市财政赤字率的时空演变规律与空间相互作用。① 赤字率重心西移,地域不均衡。② 赤字率分布具有路径依赖和空间溢出效应。③ 经济越落后赤字风险越高,赤字冷点区集中于沿海且消退;热点区东扩且风险上升。④ 赤字累积风险顺地势阶梯递减。⑤ 广大中东部地市为非预警区,继续积极财政政策,但支出需偏向社会福利,依靠内需拉动经济增长;预警区多为中西部工业城市,应增强内生动力以实现财政与经济长期协调发展;调控区集中于青藏高原及边缘,中央应加大扶持民生,减轻地方压力。     

Green Costs,Red Ink: Determinants of Municipal Defensive Expenditures inOntario

Governments at all levels expend resources to defend the environment from the adverse effects of human activity. Currently little is known about the processes and variables associated with these environmentally “defensive” expenditures. This paper attempts to fill this void by addressing the following research question: What factors induce municipal governments to expend scarce resources to defend against the adverse effectsof environmental change? The paper tackles this question with a combination of traditional statistical analysis and new environmental accounting techniques.Specifically, budgetary content analyses and secondary data are combined to develop a multiple regression model. The model uses the 1991 per capita defensive expenditures of 832 municipal governments as the response variable. These data are aggregated into 49 regions to ensure administrative commensurability. Model selection began with a wide array of predictor variablesthought to exert an influence on the defensive expenditures. The final model includes four predictor variables: provincial transfer payments for defensive expenditures per capita, property taxes per capita, median household income, and total pollution output per region. These four variables are significantly and positively associated with 73.5% of the variation in defensive expenditures (adjusted R² = .735, p < .0001). Aninterpretation of the results suggests a need for a more place-sensitive approach to environmental accounting to ensure differences in environmental quality do not confound the analysis.     

The implementation of an ecosystem approach to management within a federal government agency

This study examined how the United States’ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has begun to implement and change its management strategy towards one of an ecosystem approach to management (EAM). In 2005, surveys were conducted with NOAA scientists and resource managers in nine NOAA programs in eight geographic regions across the United States. We quantitatively examined temporal and spatial trends in NOAA's EAM project implementation. Through a qualitative analysis of the data, we identified important lessons learned, best practices, and challenges of NOAA EAM projects. A content analysis identified three of the most frequently provided “success strategies” and include: (1) encouraging collaborations, (2) utilizing multidisciplinary approaches, and (3) identifying common priorities among constituents. We conclude with recommendations for initiatives that NOAA, and others interested in EAM, can undertake to facilitate further ecosystem management opportunities.     

机关办公自动化网络系统的回顾与展望

文章论述了建设办公自动化网络系统的意义,介绍原广西地矿厅(局)自1996年建立办公自动化网络系统以来取得的成绩及存在问题,提出一些改进意见和建议.     

政府间竞争行为与地方发展规划编制

在现行的行政管理和政绩考核体制下,为了在辖区经济增长竞赛中胜出,中国地方政府特别是市县级政府间存在激烈的竞争.地方发展规划作为反映地方政府意图的规划,不可避免地受到政府竞争行为的影响.并成为显示政绩和争夺资源的工具、集聚要素的方案和凝聚人心的宣传工具,这使得规划编制的出发点、规划内容和规划编制过程都出现了一系列的偏差.尽管市县"十一五"规划与以往相比有了很大的进步,但仍存在科学性不强、操作性不足和约束力不够等问题.分析了地方政府在竞争状态下的行为以及政府竞争行为对规划编制的影响,并对地方发展规划的编制效果进行了评估.     

基于“互联网+政务服务”的地质资料信息管理服务系统建设

围绕地质资料管理和公共服务需求,以提高地质资料管理效率和服务能力为目标,分析了地质资料信息管理服务现状和存在的问题,提出"用户为本、资源整合、业务协同、共享服务"的总体建设思路。地质资料信息管理服务系统建设以业务需求驱动应用集成,借鉴"互联网+政务服务"应用模式,以地质资料政务信息管理和公共服务为核心构建系统总体架构,实现全国地质资料管理和服务信息的"一站协同、一网通查、一码通管",推进全国地质资料管理和服务信息的共享利用,形成"全国统一、动态更新、多级联动、权威发布"的地质资料管理和服务体系,为地质资料汇交和社会公众提供更好的服务。     

Place identity and major project deliberation: the contribution of local governments in Australia

ABSTRACT

There is growing recognition of the importance of local governance, for both self-determination and the quality of decision-making. While many authors acknowledge the potential of local governments in providing opportunities for democratic engagement, there is the need for more research into the conditions under which this takes place. The objective of this research is to investigate why, or under what circumstances, local governments enhance participation in and deliberation about major projects in Australia. It does so by analysing two case studies where local governments were highly engaged in advocacy with their communities against large development projects; the East West Link tunnel in Melbourne and the Coal Seam Gas projects of Northern NSW. It finds local governments engaged in these projects due to institutional culture, practices and values, formed after demographic changes in the 1960s and 70s, and associated changes in the place-attachment qualities of residents and the nature and content of their social capital. Through historical instances of community mobilisation, these values became embedded in local governments, enabling them to respond pro-actively to subsequent threats.     

国外政府加强矿产勘查的主要措施

在市场经济条件下,政府对商业性矿产勘查工作起着关键性的作用。但由于各国国情不同,在矿业发展周期的不同阶段,政府加强矿产勘查所采取的措施也不尽相同。国家矿业发展的兴盛期,政府加强基础性、战略性、前瞻性的地质调查工作,实施一系列大型公益性地质调查计划或矿产勘查促进计划,获得大量新的基础地质信息和勘查信息,有效地促进矿产勘查工作,提高提供信息服务的能力。而国家矿业不景气时,则采取国家投资（基金）、补贴或减税等过渡措施,促进筹资和引资,保持稳定的矿产勘查投入,创造良好的矿产勘查发展环境,从而推动国家经济社会的发展。详尽分析了国外政府在加强矿产勘查中所采取的有力措施,从中总结经验,为中国矿产勘查工作提供参考与借鉴。     

空间分析WEB服务在电子政务中的应用

电子政务是世界各国为应对全球信息化的挑战而积极倡导的五大应用领域之一.在电子政务的建设中,地理信息系统(GIS)因为其强大的空间信息表达、处理功能以及日臻成熟的技术被认为是电子政务信息服务的最理想的基础平台;在政务信息服务中,空间辅助决策分析是不可缺少的内容,空间信息为决策服务是应用的必然要求.本文结合当前我国电子政务建设实际情况,在整合GIS相关技术的基础上,探讨了空间分析为空间辅助决策提供决策分析服务的实现方法和一些具体实际应用.     

广播电视政务信息系统的研究与设计开发

本文介绍了应用于从总局到各省、地市、县级广播电影电视行业单位,对广播电视技术、宣传、传输、覆盖、交易情况、从业人员情况、企事业单位财务状况、固定资产情况、及广播电视机构等专业统计指标和与之相关的国民经济与社会发展重要指标进行协同管理和分析的广播电视政务信息系统的软件功能体系结构和与之相对应的数据库体系结构和角色控制体系。实现广播电视各级政府部门的信息标准化管理,并为各级政府的决策支持做出贡献。