重庆大学危岩锚固工程简介

重庆大学18层高层建筑物拟建在嘉陵江高陡斜坡脚下,斜坡上部陡崖为侏罗系上沙溪庙组巨厚层砂岩,岩石原生及岸剪裂隙发育,危岩直接威胁着建筑物。川地208队采用锚杆加固及涂抹砂浆水泥护坡综合防治工程,效果明显。     

Empirical relationships between diversity of invertebrate communities and altitude in rivers: Application to biomonitoring

The relationships between the diversity of invertebrate communities and the altitude of sampling sites were analysed in 438 benthic samples, collected between 1982 and 1991, in 56 rivers of western Switzerland. Diversity, estimated from total number of taxa (genus or family) and from number of taxa intolerant of pollution, was positively correlated with increasing altitude. In contrast, density of human population and the level of organic pollution were negatively correlated with increasing altitude. Therefore, the upstream increase of invertebrate diversity was attributed to the decrease of human population which is the main source of organic pollution. In this study, altitude was used, instead of organic pollution, to predict diversity. Empirical relationships between diversity and altitude were applied to surveys of water quality to describe the general altitudinal pattern characteristic for each region and to single out anomalous sites and rivers. In addition, changes in the altitudinal patterns of diversity can be used to monitor the recovery of rivers from pollution.     

A new area for earthquake resistant engineering: the control of seismic responses of structures

This paper summarizes the origin and idea of the control of civil engineering structures and reviews the state-of-the art of recent advances in structural control both theoretically and technologically. The prospects for structural control and key research objects to remain to be solved are put forward at last. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 375–380, 1993.     

华北地块北缘AuAgCuPbZn成矿规律

根据研究区成矿地质背景,分析了地层、构造、岩浆岩等因素对华北地块北缘Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn成矿的控制作用,总结了矿床的时、空分布,共生组合特点,提出了成矿规律.     

区域重力场相对基准的建立

针对地震系统各区域重力网的现状,提出了一种在没有绝对重力测量资料的情况下,利用网区多年积累的观测资料,建立区域重力场相对基准的方法。实验证明,采用该方法建立的区域重力场相对基准,精度优于５０ｎｍ·ｓ－２,不仅有利于地震重力前兆信息的提取,而且能优化和评定区域重力网的质量,标定和检测重力仪参数及其变化。     

红壤退化中的土壤质量评价指标及评价方法

土壤质量评价与监测是评价土壤退化的重要工作,也是重新设计持续性的土壤管理系统的基础。目前缺乏统一的评价指标以及将各项土壤性质与土壤管理措施结合起来的评价方法。本文首先提出了选择红壤质量评价指标的原则,并从化学、物理学和生物学三个方面初步探讨了评价红壤质量动态变化可资采用的指标体系,综述了国内在南方丘陵区红壤质量演化的研究中应用的指标;最后从土地评价方法中选择了可用于红壤质量评价的方法,并简要综述了国际上最新的土壤质量评价方法。     

Internet-based applications for interrogating 50 years of data from the South African national water quality monitoring network

ABSTRACT

National and regional water quality monitoring networks have been operated in South Africa since the early 1970s. These originally had text-based inventories that were convenient for specialists who were familiar with the national networks and knew the locations of their sites of interest. However, within two decades the networks had expanded in geographical extent and variables monitored to such an extent that users needed spatial context in order to locate sites that fitted their information requirements. Mapping applications running on the Internet, such as Google Earth and Leaflet, form the foundation of a system for providing online inventories and summaries of the data available on the water quality database. The interfaces were constructed using available software, mainly ArcInfo and R. A recent concern is a decrease in the collection of water quality data, which is reducing the value of data summaries for water resource management.     

Lessons learnt from checking the quality of openly accessible river flow data worldwide

ABSTRACT

Advances in open data science serve large-scale model developments and, subsequently, hydroclimate services. Local river flow observations are key in hydrology but data sharing remains limited due to unclear quality, or to political, economic or infrastructure reasons. This paper provides methods for quality checking openly accessible river-flow time series. Availability, outliers, homogeneity and trends were assessed in 21 586 time series from 13 data providers worldwide. We found a decrease in data availability since the 1980s, scarce open information in southern Asia, the Middle East and North and Central Africa, and significant river-flow trends in Africa, Australia, southwest Europe and Southeast Asia. We distinguish numerical outliers from high-flow peaks, and integrate all investigated quality characteristics in a composite indicator. We stress the need to maintain existing gauging networks, and highlight opportunities in extending existing global databases, understanding drivers for trends and inhomogeneity, and in innovative acquisition methods in data-scarce regions.     

Impacts of droughts on low flows and water quality near power stations

ABSTRACT

Power plants often use river waters for cooling purposes and can be sensitive to droughts and low flows. Water quality is also a concern, due to algal blooms and sediment loads that might clog filters. We assessed the impacts of droughts on river flow and water quality from the point of view of power plant operation. The INCA (INtegrated CAtchment) water quality model was coupled with a climate model to create a dataset of flow and water quality time series, using the River Trent (UK) as a case study. The result hints to a significant decrease in flows and an increase in phosphorus concentrations, potentially enhancing algal production. Power plants should expect more stress in the future based on the results of this study, due to reduced cooling water availability and decreasing upstream water quality. This issue might have serious consequences also on the whole national power network.     

分层随机抽样下全球30 m火烧迹地产品验证

火烧迹地是全球及区域碳循环和气候变化等研究所需的重要参数之一,卫星遥感技术为快速获取大区域火烧迹地空间分布信息提供了有效手段。中国科学院基于Landsat系列卫星数据研发了首个30 m空间分辨率全球火烧迹地产品GABAM (Global Annual Burned Area Map)。遥感数据产品的精度验证对产品使用具有重要意义,迄今尚未有研究机构对GABAM产品精度进行独立评价和分析。为系统评价GABAM产品精度,利用2010年全球30 m空间分辨率火烧迹地产品(GABAM2010)开展精度验证研究工作,在全球和几个陆地生物群落中估算了产品精度,并探索了全球遥感专题产品精度验证的技术框架。基于分层随机抽样选择80个非重叠的泰森多边形区域TSA (Thiessen Scene Areas),采用误差矩阵和6个精度指标对GABAM2010产品做全面精度评价和分析,以满足火烧迹地产品用户的使用要求。结果表明:在全球范围内,GABAM2010产品的错分率和漏分率分别为24.32%和31.60%,总体精度为97.85%;由于数据质量(如条带、云)等的影响,火烧迹地的范围会被低估,对于较容易发生火灾的生物群落,如热带亚热带草原区域,GABAM2010产品精度较高;在生物群落内部,高密度火烧迹地区域的精度高于低密度火烧迹地区域。