土木工程结构的双层多重调谐质量阻尼器控制策略

为能得到用尽可能少的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)组成有效性和鲁棒性高的多重调谐质量阻尼器控制系统，本文提出了一种适用于土木工程结构的新控制策略——双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMT—MD)。使用定义的优化目标函数，评价了双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)的控制性能。数值结果表明，双层多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)比多重凋谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)具有更好的有效性和对频率调谐的鲁棒性。DMTMD比双重调谐质量阻尼器(DTMD)具有更好的有效性，而DMTMD和DT—MD对频率调谐的鲁棒性近似相同。因此，双层多重调谐质量阻尼器是一种先进的结构控制策略。     

土-结构动力相互作用对结构控制的影响

本文研究了土-结构动力相互作用对采取不同控制措施的结构控制效果的影响。文中首先建立了主动调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD)、半主动磁流变阻尼器(MR)和被动多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)等三种结构控制措施在时域中的控制算法和控制律，然后基于子结构法，采用间接边界元方法，通过傅里叶变换，推导了分别安装三种结构控制措施的受控结构在频域中的运动方程，数值仿真分析了某36层高层建筑的地震反应及其控制效果。结果表明，当采用ATMD或MTMD控制时，考虑土-结构动力相互作用后结构地震反应有所减小；当采用MR控制时，考虑土-结构动力相互作用后结构地震反应有很大程度的减小。由此看来，在设计软土地基上高层结构的结构控制措施时，不考虑土-结构动力相互作用对结构控制效果的影响是偏于安全的。     

利用哈佛CMT目录研究全球Ⅰ级构造系统的地震活动

地震是描述地壳现今构造带和应力场的最佳信息源,包含了全面而又丰富的动力学内涵。根据全球地震的分布及其运动学、动力学特征,全球最活动的构造被划分为环太平洋构造系、大洋中脊构造系和大陆构造系等 3个全球Ⅰ级构造系统。文中应用包含多种参数的哈佛CMT地震目录,研究了全球及其 3个Ⅰ级构造系统的地震震源破裂类型、地震活动特征、震源深度分布特征等,讨论了三大构造系在这些方面存在的差别,进而说明了各个构造系在构造环境和动力作用方面的差别     

Quality control algorithms for rainfall measurements

One of the basic requirements for a scientific use of rain data from raingauges, ground and space radars is data quality control. Rain data could be used more intensively in many fields of activity (meteorology, hydrology, etc.), if the achievable data quality could be improved. This depends on the available data quality delivered by the measuring devices and the data quality enhancement procedures. To get an overview of the existing algorithms a literature review and literature pool have been produced. The diverse algorithms have been evaluated to meet VOLTAIRE objectives and sorted in different groups. To test the chosen algorithms an algorithm pool has been established, where the software is collected. A large part of this work presented here is implemented in the scope of the EU-project VOLTAIRE (Validation of multisensors precipitation fields and numerical modeling in Mediterranean test sites).     

基于投影寻踪的水质评价模型

基于投影寻踪技术的基本原理和求解过程，建立了水质评价模型。大样本数据应用到模型中，使模型的精度大大提高。该模型既能根据样本本身寻求出各因子的重要程度，即客观权重．又能根据决策者对某个（些）影响因子的偏好，对样本进行分类。将遗传算法和传统优化方法相结合，以解决遗传算法求解带约束问题能力差的问题，并将其用于本文建立的模型的目标函数优化中．解决了高维数据全局寻优的难题。实例分析表明，该模型能够很好地对水质进行评价。能有效地解决多因素带来的高维复杂性，是一种处理多因素复杂评价问题的有效途径。     

国家大剧院深基坑地下水控制设计及施工技术

国家大剧院基坑地下水控制是大剧院工程的三大难题之一,也是专家们讨论的焦点。经过水文地质试验和充分论证,确定了地下水控制方案和施工方法,即采用反循环成井工艺施工引渗井,将上层滞水和潜水引渗到第一层承压含水层中消纳,保证第一步基坑开挖至-15 7m;在-15 7m位置采用连续墙阻隔第一层承压水,并使用旋挖钻机在槽内施工降水井,疏干槽内承压含水层并进行越流补给控制,保证基坑开挖至-26m;在歌剧院台仓局部加深部份(-32 5m),采用封闭布设减压井,解决基坑开挖和台仓地下结构施工时基坑突涌的问题;最后采用特殊的封井技术,将井管内高于槽底约10m的承压水头封堵在槽底以下0 5m,安全截断井管,保证了基础施工。     

投影寻踪模型在地下水水质评价中的应用

文中分析了常用的水体质量评价模型的缺陷,提出了基于序列二次规划算法SQP(Sequentialquadraticprogramming)的投影寻踪评价模型,并利用多项式插值的方法进行水质分类,取得了符合客观实际的评价结果。某水源地地下水质量评价结果表明:用投影寻踪方法可以揭示高维数据的结构特征;所建立的评价模型不仅简单、直观和易于理解,而且结果合理。为水源地的保护和合理利用提供了决策依据。     

滑坡钢筋砼格构防治"倒梁法"内力计算研究

格构锚固技术能有效地控制滑坡深部和浅表破坏,提高锚固体系的整体刚度。目前在格构 锚杆体系的设计中,大多采用经验设计钢筋砼格构,常导致配筋不合理,不仅造成浪费,而且可能埋下工程隐患。本文采用“倒梁法”对格构梁的内力计算方法进行研究,对滑坡防护钢筋格构进行如下简化:(1)锚杆对格构梁的作用以垂向力为主,轴向力可以忽略不计。(2)纵向格构梁的刚度大于横向格构梁的刚度,因而横向格构梁的内力计算可以简化,钢筋砼格构可以作为在锚杆施力下的超静定连续梁。结合三峡工程库区巫山新城秀峰寺滑坡格构防护工程设计,通过“三弯矩方程”进行了格构梁内力实例计算,为格构梁的合理设计提供了依据。     

Traveltime measurements from noise correlation: stability and detection of instrumental time-shifts

We test the feasibility of using Green's functions extracted from records of ambient seismic noise to monitor temporal changes in the Earth crust properties by repeated measurements at regional distances. We use about 11 yr of continuous recordings to extract surface waves between three pairs of stations in California. The correlations are computed in a moving 1-month window and we analyse the temporal evolution of measured interstation traveltimes. The comparison of the arrival times in the positive and negative correlation time of Rayleigh and Love waves allows us to separate time-shifts associated with any form of physical change in the medium, those resulting from clock drift or other instrumental errors, and those due to change in the localization of the noise sources. This separation is based on the principle of time symmetry. When possible, we perform our analysis in two different period bands: 5–10 and 10–20 s. The results indicate that significant instrumental time errors (0.5 s) are present in the data. These time-shifts can be measured and tested by closure relation and finally corrected independently of any velocity model. The traveltime series show a periodic oscillation that we interpret as the signature of the seasonal variation of the region of origin of the seismic noise. Between 1999 and 2005, the final arrival time fluctuations have a variance of the order of 0.01 s. This allows us to measure interstation traveltimes with errors smaller than 0.3 per cent of the interstation traveltime and smaller than 1 per cent of the used wave period. This level of accuracy was not sufficient to detect clear physical variation of crustal velocity during the considered 11 yr between the three stations in California. Such changes may be more easily detectable when considering pairs of stations more closely located to each other and in the vicinity of tectonically active faults or volcanoes.     

Morphology of step-pools in a wilderness headwater stream: The importance of standardizing geomorphic measurements

The morphology of step-pools and cascades reflect the geological and climatic factors affecting channels in mountain watersheds. This study uses longitudinal and cross-section surveys to describe a headwater stream in the Boston Mountains of the Ozarks Plateau region in Arkansas and develop morphological relationships for comparisons with other regions. In the Bowers Hollow Creek watershed (3.5 km²), located within the boundaries of the Upper Buffalo Wilderness Area, step height and wavelength relationships are generally similar to those reported from other regions. Step-pool reaches were widely distributed in a discontinuous manner throughout the watershed. Average values of the sampled reaches are: reach slopes, 0.105 m/m; width, 6.10 m; crest particle sizes, 440 mm; step heights, 0.87 m; and step wavelengths, 6.62 m. The mean step steepness for the watershed was 0.13, whereas the mean length of a reach step to height ratio was 9:1. A comparison of morphological definitions found that the values of step height and steepness can vary by > 30% according to how step parameters are defined. Step height is particularly sensitive; thus, comparison of step height-based relationships from published data requires great care.