Spectral element analysis on the characteristics of seismic wave propagation triggered by Wenchuan <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript>8.0 earthquake

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in an active earthquake zone, i.e., Longmenshan tectonic zone. Seismic waves triggered by this earthquake can be used to explore the characteristics of the fault rupture process and the hierarchical structure of the Earth’s interior. We employ spectral element method incorporated with large-scale parallel computing technology, to investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation excited by Wenchuan earthquake. We calculate synthetic seismograms with one-point source model and three-point source model respectively. The AK135 model is employed as a prototype of our numerical global Earth model. The Earth’s ellipticity, Earth’s medium attenuation, and topography data are taken into consideration. These wave propagation processes are simulated by solving three-dimensional elastic wave governing equations. Three-dimensional visualization of our numerical results displays the profile of the seismic wave propagation. The three-point source, which is proposed from the latest investigations through field observation and reverse estimation, can better demonstrate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the source rupture process than the one-point source. We take comparison of synthetic seismograms with observational data recorded at 16 observatory stations. Primary results show that the synthetic seismograms calculated from three-point source agree well with the observations. This can further reveal that the source rupture process of Wenchuan earthquake is a multi-rupture process, which is composed by at least three or more stages of rupture processes. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418406), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40774049 and 40474038), and Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. INF105-SCE-02-12)     

Optimal weakening and damping using polynomial control for seismically excited nonlinear structures

This paper presents an approach for the optimal design of a new retrofi t technique called weakening and damping that is valid for civil engineering inelastic structures.An alternative design methodology is developed with respect to the existing ones that is able to determine the locations and the magnitude of weakening and/or softening of structural elements and adding damping while insuring structural stability.An optimal polynomial controller that is a summation of polynomials in nonlinear states is used...     

Engineering vibration monitoring by GPS： long duration records

Monitoring the performance of any structure requires real-time measurements of the change of position of critical points.Different techniques can be used for this purpose,each one offering advantages and disadvantages.The technique based on satellite positioning systems(GPS,GLONASS and the future GALILEO)seems to be very promising at least for long period structures.The GPS in particular provides sampling rates that are able to track dynamic displacements with high accuracy.Its service ability is indepen...     

盐穴储气库水溶造腔夹层垮塌力学机制研究

盐岩矿床中难溶泥质夹层的存在给地下储库水溶造腔带来了诸多不利影响,如何有效地预测与控制水溶造腔过程中泥质夹层的垮塌成为亟待解决的技术难题。夹层垮塌力学机制研究以该问题为背景,建立了水溶造腔过程中夹层垮塌分析的力学模型,并应用弹性板壳理论进行了求解,根据求解结果对夹层因局部破损及整体失稳引起垮塌的力学机制分别进行了论述,对夹层垮塌的力学机理进行了总结,给出了一种计算夹层极限跨度的方法。研究成果对水溶造腔过程中夹层垮塌的预测与控制有重要指导意义。     

库水位升降联合降雨作用下库岸边坡中的浸润线研究

库岸边坡中的地下水对其稳定性有重大影响,目前还没有统一的公式用来计算岸坡中的浸润线。为此,建立隔水底板呈缓倾角的均质岸坡模型,采用稳定渗流情况下的浸润线作为非稳定渗流的初始值,推导出库水位升降联合降雨作用下该模型中浸润线的近似解析解。利用Geo-Slope中的SEEP/W程序,对浸润线的近似解析解进行验证分析,结果表明,在不同库水位升降和降雨的组合条件下,由近似解析解确定的浸润线与数值模拟结果基本一致。对库水位升降联合降雨作用下赵树岭滑坡中的浸润线进行研究,利用实测浸润线验证了近似解析解的正确性,并预测了赵树岭滑坡在快速蓄水、快速蓄水＋暴雨、快速泄水及快速泄水＋暴雨4种工况下（库水位波动范围为145～175 m）浸润线的变化情况。最后,从解析解的适用条件出发剖析了近似解析解误差产生的原因,为应用浸润线解析解解决实际问题提供依据。     

变参数DCD算法在岩土工程位移反分析中的应用

常规DCD(dynamic canonical descent)算法具有全局优化能力且无需考虑目标函数的可微性,只要预先定义优化空间即可,但是该算法的收敛速度有限,为此提出了变参数DCD算法,并建立了其相应的算法迭代格式。在数值试验和工程应用中将该变参数DCD算法与常规的DCD算法进行比较,其结果均表明：变参数DCD算法在全局优化能力和收敛速度上找到了一个均衡点,该算法不仅具有DCD算法的全局优化能力,而且收敛时所需的目标函数评估次数少,在优化过程中该算法展示出了稳定性强且优化结果可靠度高的一面。     

地质雷达超前预测不良地质体图像的智能识别

采用GPR地质雷达进行隧道超前地质预报,当掌子面前方存在溶洞时,地质雷达时间剖面常出现双曲线特征图形。针对这一比较成熟的先验知识,提出采用神经网络模式识别方法自动识别地质雷达图像中的双曲线,以此实现智能预测掌子面前方溶洞这一不良地质体。结果表明,这一方法是可行的。      

顶管施工引起的土体垂直变形计算方法研究

对前人工作进行总结,将3个已有的经验公式合并成一个通用经验公式,该公式可以计算由土体损失引起的土体中任一点沉降。假定土体不排水,利用弹性力学的Mindlin解推导了顶管正面附加推力、掘进机和后续管道与土体之间的摩擦力引起的土体垂直变形计算公式。结合土体损失引起的土体变形计算公式,得到顶管施工引起的总的土体垂直变形计算公式,该方法适用于施工阶段。算例分析表明,正面附加推力引起开挖面前方地面隆起,后方地面沉降,以开挖面正上方为轴线呈反对称分布,在正常施工时产生的地面变形较小;掘进机和后续管道与土体之间的摩擦力引起的地面变形分布规律与正面附加推力相似,轴线分别位于掘进机中间部位和后续管道中间部位的正上方。     

地应力场下岩体爆体的数值模拟

建立了地应力作用下岩体在爆炸荷载作用下的运动微分方程,并对岩体中的地应力采用隐式分析方法,对爆炸的高速动载作用采用显式分析方法,通过隐式－显式连续求解完成地应力作用下岩体爆炸的数值模拟。数值算例结果表明,近爆腔处,较低的静应力场与较高的动应力场作用时爆炸动态应力波占主导地位,初始应力对爆破应力波影响较小。在远离爆腔处,高地应力存在改变了爆破应力波的传播规律,对爆炸岩体有很大影响。     

裂缝对和田河气田石炭系生屑灰岩段储层的控制作用

和田河气田是塔里木盆地已探明的大型碳酸盐岩气田。石炭系生屑灰岩段是和田河气田产气的主要产层,其储量占总储量的53% ,生屑灰岩段储层经历了同生期岩溶作用、埋藏期岩溶作用。埋藏溶蚀作用产生的溶蚀孔隙是该储层的主要储集空间,占储层总孔隙度的47%～ 61%。H2 S可能是生屑灰岩段埋藏溶蚀作用的一种重要营力,埋藏溶蚀作用沿裂缝进行。裂缝以构造缝为主,裂缝不但是储层渗透率的主要贡献者,而且控制孔隙在垂向及平面上的分布: 在纵向上,裂缝发育段也是基质孔隙发育段;而平面上,构造高部位等裂缝发育处孔隙度也相对较大,而在构造鞍部裂缝不发育区,孔隙度也低。