湖相沉积物与全球变化的研究

为预测未来全球的气候变化，必须了解在过去水圈、气圈与生物圈的各自作用以及它们是如何相互影响的。为此，ＩＧＢＰ（国际地圈－生物圈计划）组织了过去全球变化项目（ＰＡＧＥＳ）。湖相沉积物保存着与ＰＡＧＥＳ有关的不同时空尺度的丰富的地球系统历史信息，特别是湖相沉积物包含着可以说明全球气候变化的水圈与生物圈的陆源组分的反应。这种信息对了解影响气候变化的流域是如何发展的至关重要。笔者应用西伯利亚贝加尔湖与中国西北部青海湖作为两个实例，叙述了多学科研究湖相沉积物物理与化学参数，并利用这些参数测定了晚更新世湖区及其流域对过去气圈的变化以及日幅射分布的影响     

地球内核快速旋转的发现与全球变化的轨道效应

科里奥利效应是产生内核快速旋转的主要原因。科氏力使上升物质向西漂移，下降物质向东漂移；造成地球外层自转减速，地球内层自转加速。所以，自旋体中的垂直运动可以产生大规模的水平运动——圈层差异旋转。地震波测量结果表明，内核旋转速度每年比地壳地幔快１°。对于一个内核差异旋转的地球，太阳辐射不仅形成地磁场的内外磁尾和地壳与内核的反向振动，而且影响核幔角动量交换和电磁耦合，从而控制了地球内能的释放，形成天文周期与地质旋回的一一对应关系。地球轨道和太阳轨道的全球变化响应，为太阳辐射量变化控制地球内能释放提供了证据     

任意圆弧形凸起地形中隧洞对入射平面SH波的影响

借助辅助函数的思想， 采用波函数展开法给出了圆弧形凸起地形中隧洞对入射平面SH波影响问题的一个解析解．数值结果表明，凸起地形中隧洞的存在以及隧洞大小，对凸起地形表面运动，以及凸起地形中的隧洞的动应力集中均具有显著影响．      

华南石炭纪岩关-大塘界线期牙形石地层分带

系统采集不同沉积相区和连续沉积的剖面，即浅海台地相广西柳江龙殿山剖面、台缘缓坡相云南施甸鱼硐剖面和台内盆地相广西柳州碰冲剖面，运用数理统计方法，研究了华南岩关一大塘界线过渡期牙形石的产出丰度和相分布，在恢复生物演化序列的基础上，对各剖面首先详细分带，再进一步综合成系统的5个牙形石带，即Gnathodus typicus—G．cuneiformis带、Gnathodus typicus—Protognathodus cordiformis带、Scaliognathus anchoralis—Gnathodus pseu-dosemiglaber带、Gnathodus praebilineatus带和Paragnathodus horrtopunctatus带。以生物系统发生为标准，严格限定各带的界线，并与北美、西欧同期地层进行精确对比，为建立杜内阶一维宪阶界线的全球层型(GSSP)提供可靠依据。     

GOCE Gravity Field Processing Strategy

A processing strategy and the corresponding software architecture for the processing of GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) observables is presented and described, with the major objective to compute a high-accuracy, high-resolution spherical harmonic model of the Earth's gravity field. The combination of two numerical solution strategies, i.e. the rigorous solution of the corresponding large normal equation systems applying parallel processing (on a PC cluster) as the core solver, and the fast semianalytic approach as a quick-look gravity field analysis (QL-GFA) tool, is proposed. Such a method fusion benefits from the advantages of the individual components: the rigorous inversion of the system providing also the full variance-covariance information, and the quickness enabling the consecutive production of intermediate gravity field solutions, for the purpose to analyse partial and incomplete data sets and to derive a diagnosis of the performance of the GOCE measurement system. The functionality and operability of the individual components are demonstrated in the framework of a closed loop simulation, which is based on a realistic mission scenario both in terms of the orbit configuration and the coloured measuring noise. Special concern is given to the accuracy of the recovered coefficients, the numerical behaviour, the required computing time, and the particular role of the individual modules within the processing chain. In the case of the core solver, it is demonstrated that the assembling and rigorous solution of large normal equation systems can be handled by using Beowulf clusters within a reasonable computing time. The application of the quick-look tool to partial data sets with short-term data gaps is demonstrated on the basis of several case studies. Additionally, the spectral analysis of the residuals of the adjustment is presented as a valuable tool for the verification of the noise characteristics of the GOCE gradiometer.     

O(T2)精度下椭球界面Dirichlet边值问题的积分解

研究了边界是参考椭球面的Laplace方程Dirichlet边值问题的求解，在O(ε4·T)精 度下给出了参考椭球界面上扰动重力位Dirichlet外问题的积分解式. 该结果理论上优于目 前常用的球近似下的积分解式，从而为研究物理大地测量中边值问题的求解提供了新的依据     

3-D rheologic model of earthquake preparation (II): Strain field and its applications

Introduction Based on the elastic theory of the hard inclusion (Dobrovolskii, 1991), we developed an inclusion theory of rheologic medium, and applied the results of bulk-strain field of a rheologic inclusion model to explain the spatial-temporal evolution process of earthquake precursors (SONG, et al, 2000). In the former paper (SONG, et al, 2003), we derived the viscoelastic displacement field of the rheologic inclusion model on the basis of the analytic expression of displacement field o…     

Optimal design of viscoelastic dampers using eigenvalue assignment

In this study a procedure for determining the optimum size and location of viscoelastic dampers is proposed using the eigenvalue assignment technique. Natural frequencies and modal damping ratios, required to realize a given target response, are determined first by the convex model. Then the desired dynamic structural properties are realized by optimally distributing the damping and stiffness coefficients of viscoelastic dampers using non‐linear programming based on the gradient of eigenvalues. This optimization method provides information on the optimal location as well as the magnitude of the damper parameters. The proposed procedure is applied to the retrofit of a 10‐story shear frame, and to a three‐dimensional structure with an asymmetric plan. The analysis results confirm that the responses of model structures retrofitted by the proposed method correspond well with the given target response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

最优气候相似法及其在降水预报中的应用

介绍了一种短期气候预测方法———最优气候相似法 ,并应用于张家界地区 1 999～ 2 0 0 2年 5～ 7月总降水预报中 ,结果显示最优气候相似法能够有效地提高短期气候的预测能力 ,特别对气候异常具有良好的反应能力 ,适合于短期气候业务预报。     

关中盆地水资源可持续开发利用对策研究--以渭南市为例

以关中盆地东部的渭南市为例，概述了水资源的分布特征及其开发利用现状。认为水资源开发利用中存在水资源浪费严重，重复利用率低；行政区块限制，水资源调配不够；不合理开采地下水，出现负环境效应；地下水人工调控力度不够，不能有效的促进生态环境良性循环；对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等五个方面的主要问题。针对存在的主要问题，提出了六项水资源可持续开发利用对策，包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、调水对策、增补对策以及管理对策。