20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆沿海主要海湾形态变化

受气候变化和人类活动的影响,中国海岸带正在经历各种剧烈的变化,海湾形态变化是其中的一个重要方面.基于地形图资料与遥感影像提取20世纪40年代初至2014年7个时相的中国大陆沿海主要海湾的空间信息,进而分析海湾岸线类型结构,开发利用程度和空间位置的变化特征,以及海湾面积,形状和重心分布的变化特征.结果表明,20世纪40年代初以来,中国大陆沿海主要海湾的形态变化显著且复杂,主要体现为:海湾岸线的结构变化显著,自然岸线的长度和比例急剧减少;海湾岸线的开发利用程度持续增强;海湾岸线普遍背陆向海运动;海湾面积普遍大幅萎缩;海湾形状总体趋向复杂但个体间的差异在缩小;海湾重心分布位置普遍背陆向海迁移;海湾变化具有显著的时空差异性等.总的来说,以围填海为主的人类活动是导致海湾发生上述变化特征的主要原因.通过研究,指出应该对中国的海湾进行功能定位划分和分类管理,通过强化以海湾为基本单元的管理,促进中国海岸带综合管理能力的提高和管理目标的实现.     

基于三维激光扫描技术的岩质边坡泥化夹层空间分布和几何形态

为了定量研究泥化夹层的空间分布和几何形态,以云南省玉溪市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂高边坡局部开挖剖面为对象,利用徕卡ScanStation C10三维激光扫描仪和瑞典ROMER RA-7520-2六轴关节臂三维测量仪进行扫描,得到了开挖剖面和泥化夹层的原始点云数据;然后采用Cyclone和Geomagic Wrap软件对点云数据进行一系列处理,分析了泥化夹层的三维空间分布、层面产状、间距、层面粗糙度和几何形态。结果表明：大部分泥化夹层横向分布于整个扫描剖面,少数呈局部分布;泥化夹层的平均倾向为196.41°±5.51°,平均倾角为22.27°±2.23°,间距在3.7~49.1 cm之间,平均值为（20.4±12.0）cm;不同层位及同一层位不同横向位置的泥化夹层厚度都不等,最厚约20 mm,最薄小于1 mm;泥化夹层顶面局部典型区域的平面拟合偏差在-22.4~32.5 mm之间,沿夹层倾向的粗糙度系数在5.67~16.77之间,平均值为10.11±3.25;泥化夹层的表面积与体积之比在5.14~5.86 cm^-1之间。运用三维激光扫描技术研究泥化夹层的空间分布和几何形态是可行的。玉溪市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂高边坡的泥化夹层具有宏观整体上相对平直、相互近似平行、非等距分布、间距小、层数多、厚度薄,细观上顶面粗糙底面相对光滑、三维形态复杂的特点。     

SMA复合摩擦阻尼器性能的试验研究

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的超弹性效应及高阻尼性能,结合传统Pall摩擦型阻尼器的特点,提出了一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器。在建立阻尼器力学分析模型的基础上,对SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的性能进行了试验研究,分析了位移幅值、加载频率等对阻尼器的等效刚度、单位循环耗能和等效阻尼比的影响,并与理论分析结果进行了对比。研究表明,SMA复合摩擦阻尼器在加卸载循环下会形成比较稳定的滞回曲线,表明这种阻尼器具有良好的耗能能力。     

Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars

A new and innovative base isolation device is introduced in this paper based on extensive research carried out by the authors and their co-workers. A prototype of the device was built and experimentally tested on the shaking table. The new base isolation device consists of two disks, one vertical cylinder with an upper enlargement sustained by three horizontal cantilevers, and at least three inclined shape memory alloy (SMA) bars. The role of the SMA bars is to limit the relative motion between the base and the superstructure, to dissipate energy by their super-elastic constitutive law and to guarantee the re-centring of the device. To verify the expected performance, a prototype was built and tested under sinusoidal waves of displacement of increasing frequency with different amplitudes. It is shown that the main feature of the proposed base isolation device is that for cyclic loading, the super-elastic behavior of the alloy results in wide load-displacement loops, where a large amount of energy is dissipated.     

一种基于时延的水下声基阵坐标估算方法

阵形估算是水听器阵列应用中的关键问题,基于时延的水下声基阵大地坐标标定方法利用声源发射和声阵接收的CW脉冲之间的时延获得空间中的三个声源发射点到阵元的距离,并以这三个声源发射点为圆心,以声源发射点到阵元的距离为半径做球面,得到的交点即为阵元的大地坐标.通过实验数据分析结果可以得出如下结论:基于时延的球面交汇法得到的阵形标定结果的绝对误差均值为0.13 m,可以把该方法运用于实际的工程测量当中.     

Comparative study of otolith and sulcus morphology for stock discrimination of yellow drum along the Chinese coast

Otolith morphology is widely used for fish stock identification. The sulcus, a structure on the medial side of the otolith, is an important feature in morphological analysis. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using sulcus morphology for stock identification and to compare its performance with commonly used otolith morphology analysis. Otoliths were collected and analyzed from three geographical groups (the Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary, HHE;the Jiaozhou Bay, JZB;and the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary, CJE) of yellow drum Nibea albiflora. The results show that the analysis of sulcus morphology based on shape indices (SIs), elliptic Fourier coefficients (EFc), and a combination of the two parameters identified stocks at overall classification rates of 51.0%, 72.5%, and 73.2%, respectively. These classification rates are similar to those obtained using otolith morphology analysis (57.0%, 73.8%, and 76.5% by SIs, EFc, and their combination, respectively). The findings suggest that sulcus morphology is comparable to the commonly used otolith morphology for identifying stocks of sciaenids, such as the yellow drum. For both otolith and sulcus morphology, EFc could identify the stocks more efficiently than SIs, while the combination of SIs and EFc was even better.     

结合MST划分和RHMRF-FCM算法的高分辨率遥感图像分割

针对基于像素的HMRF-FCM算法抗噪性差以及对地物复杂边界分割精度低的问题,提出一种结合形状信息的静态MST区域划分和RHMRF-FCM算法的高分辨率遥感图像分割方法。该方法定义一种静态MST同质区域划分准则,借助MST能较好表达边界和形状信息、能较好抑制几何噪声的特点,解决地物复杂边界的表达和降低分割结果中几何噪声问题。首先,利用MST静态划分将图像域划分成若干个均质区域,假设每个均质区域内光谱测度服从独立同一的多元高斯分布。然后,在此基础上构建了区域隐马尔可夫随机场模型,以及建立基于信息熵和KL信息正则化项的模糊聚类目标函数。最后,采用偏微分方法对分割模型参数进行求解,从而得到全局最优分割结果。为验证本文方法,对WorldView-3高分遥感图像进行分割试验。定性、定量分析了尺度参数、光谱相似性参数和区域紧致度参数对最优分割结果的影响,并对比分析本文算法和eCognition软件中的多分辨率分割算法、分水岭算法。     

一种基于卫星遥感的临近预报方法

中尺度对流系统(MCS)是形成强对流天气的主要原因,云团在MCS生命周期中的分裂合并问题是临近预报的难点。为解决这一问题,本文提出了FCC方法,该方法使用质心位移和FY-2卫星数据预测多个对流单体的运动轨迹。多个案例分析证明,FCC算法在MCS的各个生命周期均能进行有效的预测,包括初生、成熟和消散阶段。此外,通过列联表方法验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Sandy gravel accumulation in a fluvial environment

Particle size, pebble shape, pebble fabric, discharge and flow velocity data are used to introduce a model of sandy gravel formation in Welsh gravel-bed rivers. The development of contact-imbrication of the typically very bladed and very platy cobbles and larger pebbles subsequently acts to significantly affect the depositional modes and patterns of small pebbles and sand particles. An important distinction is drawn between sand deposition, which can occur at or below the bed surface, and pebble and cobble deposition, which is merely a surface phenomenon.