离散点数据自动绘制等深线方法探究

提出用反距离插值法将多波束离散数据点插值成规则格网DEM数据,再根据海图生产规范自动绘制不等间距相对光滑的DEM。将自动绘制的等深线与一般软件生成的等深线、海底地形图成果等深线进行比较分析得出：文中方法绘制的等深线相比以前有较大改善且更符合地形,可作为人工绘制的参考线。     

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地形变应变张量矩阵的不变量分析

在给出正交曲线坐标系的有关位移向量及其全微分、位移梯度矩阵、应变张量矩阵的普适表达式的基础上,又给出了任意两种正交曲线坐标系下的应变张量矩阵的普适转换表达式,并指出:由于该变换矩阵为正交矩阵,故应变张量矩阵为相似矩阵。并对应变张量矩阵的几何物理性质进行了分析,指出任何一种正交曲线坐标系的应变张量矩阵都具有唯一不变的主应变特征多项式,由该矩阵的主应变特征值方程皆可求得地壳质点处的主应变及其主方向,由主方向单位向量又可把该矩阵化为以主应变为对角元素的对角矩阵,该矩阵及其对角矩阵的迹皆为该质点处的体应变,该矩阵的行列式等于该质点处3个主应变的乘积,这些几何物理量皆为该质点处的地应变不变量。     

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The structural,geometric and volumetric changes of a polythermal Arctic glacier during a surge cycle: Comfortlessbreen,Svalbard

Various parameters of the most recent surge of the polythermal glacier Comfortlessbreen in northwest Svalbard, have been assessed through a combination of remote sensing and ground observations. Analysis of a digital elevation model time‐series shows a marked change in the geometry of the glacier from quiescence (1990 and earlier) into the late surge phase (2009). The transfer of 0.74 km³ of ice caused up to 80 m of surface drawdown in the reservoir area, above the equilibrium line, whilst ice built up in a spatially concentrated manner in the receiving zone, below the equilibrium line. A ramp of ice, c. 100 m above quiescent level, developed in the lower reaches of the glacier late in the surge. Also in the lower reaches of the glacier, structures attributable to the passage of a kinematic wave are identified and the migration of a surge front on the glacier is thus inferred. In a conceptual model, we consider that a bend in the valley, in which the glacier resides, and convergence with tributary glaciers, to be significant factors in the style of surge evolution. Their flow‐restrictive interference results in slow initial mass‐transfer and the growth of a surge front within 3–4 km of the terminus. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于层次匹配的面状要素几何匹配方法研究

空间数据增量信息提取是空间数据库增量更新的基础,而要素几何匹配则为空间数据增量信息提取的关键流程之一。针对面状要素几何匹配时所产生的单一匹配算子匹配准确度低,以及多算子加权匹配算法匹配效率低、冗余度高、结果不准确等情况,本文提出一种基于多层次匹配的面状要素几何匹配算法。该算法以反映面状要素位置、大小、形状特征的质心匹配算子、面积重叠度算子以及转向角函数匹配算子为基础,并按各算子复杂度进行层次匹配规则设计,以提高算法效率、保证匹配的准确性。本文通过2种方法进行对比实验,结果表明：层次匹配算法匹配完整度和准确度均能达到90%以上,可以很好地进行面状要素几何匹配;与加权匹配方法相比效率更高,代价更小,且所得匹配结果比加权匹配方法所得结果更加准确。     

基于人工神经网络的多特征因子路网匹配算法

在综合考虑多个特征因子的线要素匹配时,根据经验知识确定各特征因子的权值会造成人为误差。针对该问题,本文提出了基于人工神经网络的多特征因子路网匹配算法,根据线要素的几何和拓扑特性选取长度、方向、形状、距离及拓扑5个特征因子的相似度作为路网匹配参考因子。首先,分别在参考图层和待匹配图层中选取样本数据组成样本对,计算样本数据的5个特征因子相似度,用样本数据的5个特征因子相似度和样本的匹配度组成学习模式对;然后,利用BP神经网络的误差反向传播机制自动学习调整各神经层之间的连接权值;最后,输入全部数据,计算参考图层的弧段和待匹配图层的弧段间的匹配度,实现综合多特征因子的路网匹配。实验结果表明,利用人工神经网络进行综合多特征因子的路网匹配可以提高匹配效率和匹配准确度。     

弯曲结构面几何条件的图解方法及其应用

分析岩体和山体稳定性的主要问题也就是确定结构面及临空面之间的相对位置关系及组合方式。坐标投影作图法是一种以正投影为基础,以分析岩石工程中结构面的几何关系及由其切割出来的块体的稳定性为目的的图解方法。对于弯曲结构面,采用“以直代曲”的原理,将其简化为有限个小平面的集合体进行分析。以蛇蟠岛国际旅游度假村清风洞室群1号洞为例,采用坐标投影作图法对弯曲结构面进行分析,来解决弯曲结构面几何条件的描述和确定问题。     

Point- and curve-based geometric conflation

Geometric conflation is the process undertaken to modify the coordinates of features in dataset A in order to match corresponding ones in dataset B. The overwhelming majority of the literature considers the use of points as features to define the transformation. In this article we present a procedure to consider one-dimensional curves also, which are commonly available as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tracks, routes, coastlines, and so on, in order to define the estimate of the displacements to be applied to each object in A. The procedure involves three steps, including the partial matching of corresponding curves, the computation of some analytical expression, and the addition of a correction term in order to satisfy basic cartographic rules. A numerical example is presented.     

基于PixelGrid系统的弱交汇和稀少控制点区域卫星影像纠正方法的研究

介绍了弱交汇条件下利用PixelGrid系统实现稀少控制点区域的卫星影像的）L4＊--r~,t正方法。阐述了操作流程以及每个步骤的注意事项,对纠正后的影像做出精度检测并给出分析评价。