青岛市水环境问题及防治对策

青岛是我国缺水城市之一。但本已紧缺的水资源却存在着水质污染、开采漏斗、海（咸）水入侵及高氟水等一系列水环境问题。文中分析了其发生原因、危害程度及发展趋势,并提出了综合治理建议。     

西安地裂缝场地勘察及受损建筑物的治理

结合地裂缝成因、性质及地质环境,提出了西安地裂缝场地勘察行之有效的方法,对拟建场地进行地裂缝监测,可预报地裂灾害。根据地裂缝对建筑物破坏的特点,结合地基处理技术提出了对受地裂缝影响建筑物治理的方法,对因土地紧张而需在地裂缝影响范围内建造的建筑物,从设计上考虑预纠偏方案作为预防措施     

Genetic types and characteristics of ground ice in Northeast China

１ＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＴＹＰＥＳＯＦＧＲＯＵＮＤＩＣＥＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＧｒｏｕｎｄｉｃｅｉｓｗｅｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐｅｒｍａｆｒｏｓｔｌｉｍｉｔｉｎｔｈｅＥｕｒａｓｉａｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔ,ｉｎｔｈｅｎ...     

基于J2EE和ArcIMS的地质灾害危险性评估项目备案系统

本文对J2EE和ArcIMS的地质灾害危险性评估项目备案系统的总体框架结构、系统三层体系结构、模块化思想设计要点和实现的技术路线及关键技术。系统应用Struts技术、数据库技术、ArcIMS的WebGIS技术和网络技术,建立了通用地理信息功能与地质灾害危险性评估项目备案自动审批的分布式软件系统,实现了地质灾害危险性评估项目备案的自动审批、管理、分析、决策、发布的一体化平台。该系统为有关部门提供辅助决策支持和信息发布服务。     

三峡库区地质背景对土壤元素分布的影响及地方病效应

利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查、大面积系统采集土壤表层样品、测试分析、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区灰岩母岩区与泥岩母岩区两种不同母岩条件下土壤中52个元素的含量分布特征。结果表明:三峡库区灰岩母岩区土壤元素富集而泥岩母岩区土壤元素贫乏,As、Br、B、Sb、C、F、I、Li、Mo、CaO等元素在灰岩母岩区土壤中含量大于泥岩区2倍以上。泥岩母岩区土壤元素含量比灰岩母岩区高的元素仅有Ba、P、Sr、Na₂O、SiO₂。元素分布的差异与三峡库区的地氟病与克山病分布关系密切,地氟病高发区主要分布于灰岩母岩风化形成的高氟土壤区,克山病则主要发生于泥岩母岩风化形成的低硒土壤区。地质背景对地方性疾病具有明显的区域控制作用,研究成果为三峡库区农业及城乡的合理规划布局提供了参考依据。     

基于UML和面向对象方法的GIS应用模型设计与实现

应用分析模型是面向专业应用领域GIS的关键模块之一,其设计和实现应具备良好的可扩展性和可移植性,从而达到软件复用、降低系统维护成本的目标。采用面向对象方法,对辽宁省鞍山市地质灾害评价预警系统中地质灾害危险性区划分析模型模块进行分析和设计,提出分别封装表达地质灾害分析模型方法的抽象类(class CModel)、描述灾害评价因子的抽象类(class CFactor),以及描述灾害分析单元格的抽象类(class CGridLayer)的设计方案,达到模块划分的“高内聚、低耦合”要求,便于模块的修改和扩展。以描述单元格的抽象类(class CGridLayer)作为模块与GIS平台的中间层,面向模块屏蔽不同GIS平台的实现细节,使得模块具备良好的可移植性。最后,以MapGIS 6.5为平台,按上述设计方案构建鞍山市地质灾害评价预警系统并投入实际应用。     

基于无人机倾斜摄影的黄土滑坡信息多维提取与应用分析

本文针对黄土地区地质灾害调查与评估需求,探索了一种基于无人机倾斜摄影影像和飞控数据的滑坡单体信息多维提取的方法.通过影像处理获得的DEM、DOM和实景三维模型等多维数据,对贾家村滑坡坡形、坡度、相对高差、植被覆盖率、纵坡比降、表面积与物源体积进行定量提取,结合区域气象数据分析了贾家村滑坡年均降雨量时空分布规律,利用相关...     

Flood hazard and risk analysis in the southwest region of Bangladesh

Flood hazard and risk assessment was conducted to identify the priority areas in the southwest region of Bangladesh for flood mitigation. Simulation of flood flow through the Gorai and Arial Khan river system and its floodplains was done by using a hydrodynamic model. After model calibration and verification, the model was used to simulate the flood flow of 100‐year return period for a duration of four months. The maximum flooding depths at different locations in the rivers and floodplains were determined. The process in determining long flooding durations at every grid point in the hydrodynamic model is laborious and time‐consuming. Therefore the flood durations were determined by using satellite images of the observed flood in 1988, which has a return period close to 100 years. Flood hazard assessment was done considering flooding depth and duration. By dividing the study area into smaller land units for hazard assessment, the hazard index and the hazard factor for each land unit for depth and duration of flooding were determined. From the hazard factors of the land units, a flood hazard map, which indicates the locations of different categories of hazard zones, was developed. It was found that 54% of the study area was in the medium hazard zone, 26% in the higher hazard zone and 20% in the lower hazard zone. Due to lack of sufficient flood damage data, flood damage vulnerability is simply considered proportional to population density. The flood risk factor of each land unit was determined as the product of the flood hazard factor and the vulnerability factor. Knowing the flood risk factors for the land units, a flood risk map was developed based on the risk factors. These maps are very useful for the inhabitants and floodplain management authorities to minimize flood damage and loss of human lives. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海及其邻区潜在地质灾害的构造背景与成因机理

本文基于上海及其邻区活动断裂构造及有关地区潜在地质灾害特点的研究,论证了上海及其邻区潜在地质灾害的三种基本类型及其构造背景与成因机理;指出:上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统的存在与活动是诱发有关地区潜在地质灾害的主导因素。文中明确指出了上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统的研究在相关地区进行潜在地质灾害评价与预测方面的应用前景与发展方向。