高程现代化问题

海拔高在工程应用中有不可代替的作用。测量海拔高的经典方法是几何水准,它的主要缺点是劳动强度大、效率低、花费大、实时性差。GPS海拔高测量在很大程度上克服了这些缺点,而且可以满足许多应用的高程需求。GPS海拔高测量代替水准测量,以GPS海拔高测量为主的"高程现代化"代表大地测量的一个发展方向。     

东北地区高精度GPS定位试验初步结果

1990年8月至9月间,武汉测绘科技大学和黑龙江省测绘局合作,圆满完成了国家高精度GPS空间定位网的东北地区一个环的GPS测量试验工作。该项试验取得了预期的效果。表明了国家高精度GPS空间定位网初步设计的技术目标的可行性,并为该网的组织实施和作业调度提供了经检。通过试验,为发展完善了观测技术方案和外业数据检检方法,及全网的布测实施提供了必要的依据。     

球面小波分析技术及在全球重力模型中的应用

在介绍球面小波理论的基础上,推导和比较了几种球面小波,分析了最新地球重力模型——EGM96,以此为依据,把球面小波多分辨分析用于计算全球自由空气异常及重力大地水准面,并对处理结果做出解释。     

海洋重力大地水准面的确定

美国海洋卫星测高仪的出现,使应用Hotine积分确定海洋大地水准面成为现实。本文通过对Hotine积分及垂线偏差的计算公式进行改进,较好地改善了求和项的收敛性,减小了截断误差影响,并提出了利用Hotine函数和重力异常确定海洋大地水准面的方法。实际计算表明:海洋重力大地水准面的精度在1米以内;卫星测高大地水准面间存在0.5米系统差;它和海底地形有一定的相关性,能较好地反映出海底地形的宏观特性。     

建筑群负荷引起的大地水准面起伏及对高程的影响

The paper studies the ground vertical deformation and the geoid undulation caused by loading of neighboring buildings, based on the loading tides theory. The influence on elevation is also considered. The results show that the ground vertical deformation and the geoid undulation both reach millimeter magnitude. Therefore, it is obvious that the building loading significantly affects the precise engineering surveying, and it must be seriously considered in application.      

1987年9月23日日环食的电离层波动现象

本文给出了利用高频天波返回散射雷达对1987年9月23日日环食电离层效应的观测结果.分析表明,日食期间在日环食带电离层存在明显的不均匀结构和小尺度的波动,而日食过后在见食电离层区域出现大尺度的波动现象.     

利用重复水准测量及重力测量计算水准面随时间的变化

本文讨论了根据重复水准、重力测量资料利用虚拟质点法计算水准面随时间的变化,提出了虚拟质点位置参数的优化方法(该法克服了司托克斯方法和配置法的缺点)。模拟计算表明,水准面位移的计算精度是很高的。     

The relationship between gravity and bathymetry in the Pacific Ocean

Summary. Surface-ship and satellite derived data have been compiled in new free-air gravity anomaly, bathymetry and geoid anomaly maps of the Pacific Ocean basin and its margin. The maps are based on smoothed values of the gravity anomaly, bathymetry and geoid interpolated on to a 90 × 90 km grid. Each smoothed value was obtained by Gaussian filtering measurements along individual ship and subsatellite tracks. The resulting maps resolve features in the gravity, bathymetry and geoid with wavelengths that range from a few hundred to a few thousand kilometres. The smoothed values of bathymetry and geoid anomaly have been corrected for age. The resulting maps show the Pacific ocean basin is associated with a number of ENE–WSW-trending geoid anomaly highs with amplitudes of about ± 5 m and wavelengths of about 3000 km. The most prominent of these highs correlate with the Magellan seamounts–Marshall Gilbert Islands–Magellan rise and the Hess rise–Hawaiian ridge regions. The correlation between geoid anomaly and bathymetry cannot be explained by models of static compensation, but is consistent with a model in which the geoid anomaly and bathymetry are supported by some form of dynamic compensation. We suggest that the dynamic compensation, which characterizes oceanic lithosphere older than 80 Myr, is the result of mantle convection on scales that are smaller than the lithospheric plates themselves.