科技交流中心刚性屋面索穹顶结构施工

无锡新区科技交流中心G区部分屋盖采用刚性圆形屋面空间索穹顶结构,该结构体系由上弦脊索、下弦斜索、环索、压杆、外环受压环及内环刚性拉力环构成,为肋环型索穹顶结构体系。索穹顶结构平面为圆形,屋面覆盖材料采用铝板和玻璃结合的刚性屋面,刚性屋面与下部索穹顶结构体系结合,是目前国内第一个空间索穹顶结构实例。施工方法可供类似工程参考。     

三维地震小面元采集技术在晋城矿区的应用

依托“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”工程,对晋城矿区进行了旨在提高小断层,小陷落柱探测能力的高密度三维地震勘探。根据面元选择因素及该区地质任务,采用5m×5m网格进行野外数据采集;考虑炮检距、方位角、覆盖次数、排列片横纵比及煤层埋深（350～500m）等因素,采用中点放炮、60道接收,24次覆盖（横向4次,纵向6次）的8线16炮束状观测系统,基岩中激发。原始资料经同一处理流程后,获得5m×5m×1ms、5m×10m×1ms、10m×10m×1ms及2.5m×2.5m×1ms不同单元的三维数据体多个,通过对比可以发现小断层,小陷落柱在其小面元叠加时间剖面、顺层切片及相干切片都有清晰的反映。实例说明,小面元采集技术可以提高对小构造的纵、横向分辨能力,满足山区对三维地震精确勘探的要求。     

利用ASTER提取德兴斑岩铜矿遥感蚀变分带信息

在遥感光谱分析的基础上,结合德兴斑岩铜矿矿床地质特征,利用ASTER遥感数据提取了德兴斑岩铜矿的遥感蚀变分带信息.德兴斑岩铜矿蚀变分带根据蚀变矿物特征来分析,主要的蚀变矿物为白云母、伊利石、绿泥石、方解石、白云石;根据光谱特征,采用比值、斜率、相关吸收和主成分分析4种提取方法提取各蚀变矿物的信息,并采用叠加法对各蚀变矿物信息进行叠加,从而形成各个蚀变分带的遥感信息.各蚀变分带的遥感信息总体特征比较明显.最后,根据矿床成矿模式对蚀变分带信息进行了分析.     

超大沉井基础取土下沉刃脚土压力变化规律研究

依托常泰长江大桥主塔沉井基础工程,采用三维有限元方法,模拟了大型沉井首次取土下沉阶段刃脚土压力的变化过程,并结合现场刃脚土压力实测数据,分析了沉井下沉工序对刃脚土压力分布的影响以及取土过程中刃脚土压力的变化规律。现场监测结果表明：刃脚实际土压力变化规律基本上佐证了数值模拟结果。井孔内取土导致取土区域沉井刃脚处土压力下降,取土区域刃脚土压力随取土厚度的增大而逐渐降低,土体压应力转移至尚未取土区域的刃脚处。在由内井孔向外井孔区域取土的过程中,刃脚土压力向外井孔刃脚区域转移,导致外井壁和外隔墙区域刃脚土压力逐渐增大,直至达到其极限承载力,外井壁区域土体进入塑性状态,沉井出现明显下沉。给出的沉井刃脚处土压力的变化规律可为同类大型沉井可控下沉提供指导。     

Haines Structure: a probable Eocene complex impact structure in the offshore Canning Basin,Western Australia

A seismic structure imaged in a single 2D seismic profile from the offshore Canning Basin, Western Australia, is interpreted to be a possible complex impact crater on the basis of its seismic character. The feature, herein referred to as the Haines Structure, is symmetrical in two dimensions over ～2.5 km and comprises a centrally uplifted basal surface, a depressed upper surface, a highly deformed intervening package and an overlying horizon that is ‘sagging’ over the depression. The possible impact structure lies within carbonate units of Eocene or Early Oligocene age as determined from seismic correlation to petroleum exploration wells. The structure has not been drilled; therefore distinguishing characteristics used to define an impact origin, such as shock metamorphism, are not available. Comparison with other features in the Neogene succession of Australia's North West Shelf that have previously been interpreted as impact structures highlights the presence of key elements in the Haines Structure that characterise known complex impact craters, and the absence of seismic features related to alternative processes, such as a link to deeper structures that would be expected beneath a volcanic pipe.     

地质资料目录查询系统的设计与实现

地质资料目录查询系统主要针对地勘单位地质资料管理现状进行研究,采用VS2010开发环境,SQL Server2008、.NET4.0框架、B/S架构等关键技术.设计提供报告查询、报告录入、报告维护、服务器连接、用户管理五大功能模块,提高了地质资料整理与查询的效率,实现对地质资料进行科学化、信息化管理.     

基于气候重建资料及均生函数-最优子集回归模型的降水预测

利用由科尔沁沙地榆树区域综合年表而重建的181a降水序列,采用均生函数-最优子集回归(MGF-OSR)预测模型对科尔沁沙地降水进行了5a情景的预测,克服了以往序列短的不足.模型建模期相对误差绝对值在3％、5％、10％以内的年数分别占建模年数的36.46％、64.64％、93.37％,建模期模拟精度较高.2007～2010年实测检验期,模拟与实测值保持了方向一致性,各年份相对误差绝对值分别为11.40％、6.73％、22.06％、5.49％,大部分年份预测较理想.经预测,2011～2015年期间,2011年、2012年、2014年和2015年为降水正常年份,2013年为降水偏干年份.与实际情况对比,2011年与预测一致,2012年稍有差别.总体上,2011～2015年降水变化较为平缓.     

Analysis of the 2003 Varunawat Landslide,Uttarkashi, India using Earth Observation data

Mass movements such as landslides in mountainous terrains are natural degradation processes and one of the most important landscape-building factors. Varunawat Parbat overlooking Uttarkashi town witnessed a series of landslides on 23 September 2003 and the debris slides and rock falls continued for 2 weeks. This landslide complex was triggered due to the incessant rainfall prior to the event, and its occurrence led to the blockage of the pilgrim route to Gangotri (source of the Ganges river) and evacuation of thousands of people to safer places. Though there was no loss of lives due to timely evacuation, heavy losses to the property were reported. High-resolution stereoscopic earth observation data were acquired after the incidence to study the landslide in detail with emphasis on the cause of the landslide and mode of failure. Areas along the road and below the Varunawat foothill region are mapped for landslide risk. It was found that the foothill region of the Varunawat Parbat was highly disturbed by man-made activities and houses are dangerously located below steep slopes. The potential zones for landslides along with the existing active and old landslides are mapped. These areas are critical and their treatment with priority is required in order to minimise further landslide occurrences.     

岩溶漏失层气助正循环水井钻探新技术的研究

气助正循环水井钻探新技术主要适用于以岩溶地层为特征的严重漏失地层。该技术通过在双壁钻具的内外管之间泵入压缩空气,举升在钻具与孔壁之间的“环空”形成的空气泥浆。“环空”的气举加速作用阻碍了钻井循环液在地层方向的漏失,并且加速了钻屑的上返速度。该技术的优点在北京房山区岩溶漏失地层的600m水井钻探生产试验中得到了证实。试验结果表明,利用该技术可使泥浆正循环中因严重漏失造成的循环液中断得以恢复,“环空气举作用”大幅度提高了上返的泥浆流量。经对比试验证明,气助正循环工艺在岩溶漏失层的钻进速度高于气举反循环和泥浆正循环,是解决岩溶漏失层钻井液循环中断、钻头烧钻、埋钻等钻探事故的有效方法。      

卫星遥感反演土壤水分研究综述

土壤水分是影响地表过程的核心变量之一。精准地测量土壤水分及其时空分布,长期以来是定量遥感研究领域的难点问题。简要回顾基于光学、被动微波、主动微波和多传感器联合反演等卫星遥感反演土壤水分的主要反演算法、存在的难点和前沿性研究问题,介绍了应用土壤水分反演算法所形成的3种主要全球土壤水分数据集,包括欧洲气象业务卫星（ERS/MetOp）数据集、高级微波扫描辐射计（AMSR-E）数据集、土壤湿度与海洋盐分卫星（SMOS）数据集,并结合目前存在的问题探讨卫星遥感反演土壤水分研究的发展趋势。