基于组合通讯方案的移动对象管理系统

随着计算机网络和无线通讯技术的发展,基于公众网络的各类信息服务系统的功能也在逐步完善;特别是基于位置的服务系统,比如移动对象管理系统,由于它是GIS、GPS以及无线通讯技术相结合的产物,同时它又为目前通讯网络开辟了一个新的增值领域。本文主要讨论如何利用目前现有的通讯网络来为移动对象管理系统实现数据的传输。通过分析GSM和GPRS两种通讯方式的特点,作者提出了一种组合的通讯方案(Composite Communication Scheme)简称CCS,通过把GSM和GPRS结合使用,从而实现可任意下达控制指令,同时保证具有廉价数据传输。对于移动对象管理系统用户来说,分别构建独立的数据控制中心的成本和维护费用都很高;本文提出的UDM(UnifiedDataManage-ment)的方式,对于节省用户成本、方便管理,都具有重要的意义。最后,作者完成了UDM中心以及移动传感平台(MobileSensorPlatform)实验平台的开发,实验取得了令人满意的结果。     

一种基于隐藏位置寻优的信息隐藏算法

提出一种以24位真彩色图像作为载体的信息隐藏技术。首先对载体图像进行颜色空间转换,把秘密信息嵌入在亮度分量的不重要位上,同时利用禁忌搜索算法在可替换空间寻找最优隐藏策略以实现较好的不可感知性。仿真实验表明,算法具有较好的隐藏效果,是一个有效的、实用的信息隐藏算法。     

西方创新地理研究的知识图谱可视化分析

近年来,创新问题日益受到西方人文地理学者的关注,并成为西方人文地理学研究的新方向。本文选择WOS（Web of Science）作为文献搜索引擎,选取在创新主题下刊发文章最多的500本期刊中的14本被社会科学引文索引SSCI收录的地理学期刊作为文献来源,以1982-2015年共2048篇英语创新主题文献记录作为数据源,基于显示知识发展进程与结构关系的可视化工具CiteSpace对数据进行关键词共现分析和文献共被引分析,绘制了西方创新地理研究的知识图谱,实现了本领域热点主题、知识基础和演进轨迹的可视化。研究发现：西方创新地理研究近30年来发文量和新兴关键词数量增长显著,研究者分布形成西欧、北美两大核心地区,近期研究指向热点关键词技术、溢出、集聚、研发、企业家精神;拥有较为明显的演进主体,研究内容宽广,主题尚不集中,全球城市、全球蜂鸣、空间化模式、产业、生命周期、剑桥地区（或剑桥现象）、知识、产业发展、区域创新战略是建立在32篇高被引文献之上的9个热点主题;经济地理学导向明显,尤其受新区域主义、转向潮流、演化经济地理学的发展影响显著,具有较为清晰的发展脉络。     

“人地关系地域系统”是综合研究地理格局形成与演变规律的理论基石

同近年国外人文地理学呈现人文化趋势相比,中国人文与经济地理学秉承吴传钧先生关于人文与经济地理学是研究自然圈与人文圈相互作用下、人类活动分布格局形成和演变规律的一门交叉学科的定位,形成了以不同空间尺度的地域、重要的生产生活领域、以及典型的地域空间类型的可持续发展时空规律作为研究指向的中国人文与经济地理学主流学派。吴先生提出的“人地关系地域系统”理论不仅为人文与经济地理学,而且是为整个地理学的综合研究提供了重要的理论基石。地域功能性、系统结构化、时空变异有序过程、以及人地系统效应的差异性及可调控性,是该理论的精髓,这与“未来地球”研究计划的前沿思想完全契合。近10年来,以城镇化科学模式、主体功能区划、一带一路路线图、京津冀城市群、农村空心化和精准扶贫、东北振兴与资源型城市转型、行政区划优化等为研究对象,发展了人文与经济地理重要的可持续过程、地域功能形成和综合地理格局有序化规律、城市群形成演化机理及其资源环境效应、问题地区可持续生命周期与振兴路径、地缘政治地缘经济和区域间相互作用关系、人文界线对可持续发展的影响等理论方法。人文与经济地理学科建设取得重要进展,应用成果对近年来中国生态文明建设和可持续发展产生了重要影响。中国人文与经济地理学在全球范围内发展态势最佳、总体水平领先,以此告慰吴传钧先生,并以此纪念吴传钧先生百年诞辰。     

Culture,capital and the big screen: tracing the changing dynamics of gentrification in the films of Woody Allen

This paper undertakes an analysis of the shifting dynamics of gentrification through the lens of the films of Woody Allen. With his focus upon the spaces of residence and high-end consumption for the upper and middle classes, the paper argues that Allen’s films can be used as a lens to examine the changing dynamics of gentrification in contemporary (Western) cities from something deemed almost novel in the 1970s, to a dominant approach to urban transformation in the early twenty-first century. In so doing, the paper demonstrates the constant tension between the desire to carve out a particular urban idyll and that of a sense of loss perceived by gentrifiers themselves of the rate of change taking place in the contemporary city.     

中国资源型城市经济演化特征与影响因素——路径依赖、脆弱性和路径创造的作用

以中国116个资源型城市为分析对象,从路径依赖、脆弱性和路径创造三个方面分析资源型城市经济演化的特点与路径分异,引入计量模型考察其对资源型城市经济增长与转型的作用,并分析其影响因素。研究发现：① 资源型城市的路径依赖水平北方较高,北方和内陆的脆弱性整体更高,路径创造水平由沿海向内陆递减。黑、晋、陕、甘和云、贵、川等地资源型城市的脆弱性较高,路径创造水平较低。② 中国资源型城市的演化路径可以划分为趋向锁定、趋向解锁、随机变化三种类型。③ 路径依赖、脆弱性和路径创造在不同宏观经济环境下对资源型城市经济增长和转型的作用不同,在宏观经济高速扩张时期,脆弱性有利于增长,路径创造能力强的城市反而增速较慢;而进入经济新常态阶段,路径依赖和脆弱性对增长的阻碍作用显现。④ 路径依赖和路径创造水平深受人口规模、国有企业比例的影响,脆弱性水平主要和人口规模有关。采矿业比例会影响资源类产业的路径创造,而对外开放水平则影响非资源类产业的路径创造。北方、内陆和煤炭型城市更易于形成高路径依赖。⑤ 提高人口集聚规模,降低国有企业比例,是降低路径依赖、提高路径创造水平的关键,人口集聚和扩大对外开放则分别有利于脆弱性的下降和路径创造能力的提升,应针对不同区域、资源类型和演化路径的资源型城市,制定差异化和精准的政策措施。     

中国市域空间结构的特征及其影响因素

优化与重构人口的空间分布格局是当前国家战略决策的重点研究领域之一。首先,利用2000年和2010年人口普查数据,通过帕累托指数、赫芬达尔指数和首位比重指数刻画了中国城市市域空间结构的特征及其演化;其次,从自然地理、社会经济和政府干预3个方面系统地揭示了区域空间结构形成与演化的影响因素。结果表明：① 相对于胡焕庸线以西地区,胡焕庸线以东的市域更偏向多中心;中国市域空间结构相对稳定,有微弱的向多中心发展的趋势;②市域空间结构的形成主要受政府干预影响,自然地理和社会经济的作用相对较弱。具体而言,地表粗糙程度、城市行政等级和政府支出占比会推动区域空间结构朝单中心方向发展;而土地面积、县/县级市内国家级开发区个数、市域内政府间竞争以及人均公路里程则使得空间结构朝均衡的多中心方向演进。     

University Campuses and Housing Markets: Evidence from Nanjing

China has witnessed unprecedented growth of its universities in recent years. Because they function as a sort of urban quasi-public good, university campuses generate a variety of externalities within surrounding communities, including their impacts on adjacent housing markets. Through an analysis of the case of Nanjing, China, this study attempts to quantify the association between university campuses and housing markets in China and to help policymakers, planners, and community members better understand campus–community relationships more generally. The study yields the following findings. First, university campuses have been capitalized into the housing prices of their neighboring communities in Nanjing. Second, in the proximate communities, university campus spillover benefits involve trade-offs with the amenity values of other public goods. Third, campus capitalization effects vary across different tiers of universities. Based on the empirical results, we offer several policy implications, key among which are that policymakers need to acknowledge and rationally distribute the potential spillover benefits of the campus to multiple stakeholders; campus and residential communities should be planned synergistically to optimize land use efficiency; and universities should be fully engaged with their surrounding communities to maximize mutual benefits.     

Making Space for Failure in Geographic Research

The idea that field research is an inherently “messy” process has become widely accepted by geographers in recent years. There has thus far been little acknowledgment, however, of the role that failure plays in doing human geography. In this article we push back against this, arguing that failure should be recognized as a central component of what it means to do qualitative geographical field research. This article seeks to use failure proactively and provocatively as a powerful resource to improve research practice and outcomes, reconsidering and giving voice to it as everyday, productive, and necessary to our continual development as researchers and academics. This article argues that there is much value to be found in failure if it is critically examined and shared, and—crucially—if there is a supportive space in which to exchange our experiences of failing in the field.     

Making Space for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Geography

Geography has a long tradition of community-engaged research and teaching. Conventional institutional and departmental norms in many U.S. universities and colleges, however, often discourage such engaged scholarship and teaching, especially among junior faculty. We argue that geographers are well poised to unravel society's twenty-first-century intractable problems if engaged scholarship is more intentionally supported. As community geographers in junior faculty positions at research-intensive universities, we discuss our experiences with placing community engagement at the core of our scholarship, highlighting opportunities for a more robust integration of engaged scholarship in academic geography.