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从工程控制测量、大比例尺数字测图、施工放样、工业测量系统、变形监测和工程专题信息系统等6个方面,介绍了测量工程学的发展现状及取得的成就。可以看出,GPS测量技术和测量机器人技术已成为工程测量的主要应用技术,贯穿于各种工程中及工程测量的全过程;工业测量系统是测量工程学科最具活力的发展方向,在国防工业武器装备制造中发挥了巨大的作用。结合我院实际情况和今后学科二期建设的目标,指出了未来工测专业的发展方向。 相似文献
574.
Xiu Luo Hiroshi Haya Tomoaki Inaba Tomoki Shiotani 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(12):1101-1110
One difficult task for the seismic diagnosis of existing structures is how to nondestructively evaluate the damage degree of invisible substructures, such as embedded foundations. To diagnose substructures efficiently, a method for nondestructive inspection is developed by applying acoustic emission (AE) technique. As a newly proposed method, characteristics of secondary AE induced by train operations were investigated, and experiments using model piles and in-situ AE monitoring of in-service railway bridges conducted under railroad traffic, from which it was demonstrated that the proposed method is practicable enough to detect invisible defects in structures. A new index, known as RTRI (ratio of Repeated Train load at the onset of AE activity to Relative maximum load for Inspection period) is proposed for structural damage qualification based on the results of in-situ AE monitoring. 相似文献
575.
Volcanic lightning, perhaps the most spectacular consequence of the electrification of volcanic plumes, has been implicated in the origin of life on Earth, and may also exist in other planetary atmospheres. Recent years have seen volcanic lightning detection used as part of a portfolio of developing techniques to monitor volcanic eruptions. Remote sensing measurement techniques have been used to monitor volcanic lightning, but surface observations of the atmospheric electric Potential Gradient (PG) and the charge carried on volcanic ash also show that many volcanic plumes, whilst not sufficiently electrified to produce lightning, have detectable electrification exceeding that of their surrounding environment. Electrification has only been observed associated with ash-rich explosive plumes, but there is little evidence that the composition of the ash is critical to its occurrence. Different conceptual theories for charge generation and separation in volcanic plumes have been developed to explain the disparate observations obtained, but the ash fragmentation mechanism appears to be a key parameter. It is unclear which mechanisms or combinations of electrification mechanisms dominate in different circumstances. Electrostatic forces play an important role in modulating the dry fall-out of ash from a volcanic plume. Beyond the local electrification of plumes, the higher stratospheric particle concentrations following a large explosive eruption may affect the global atmospheric electrical circuit. It is possible that this might present another, if minor, way by which large volcanic eruptions affect global climate. The direct hazard of volcanic lightning to communities is generally low compared to other aspects of volcanic activity. 相似文献
576.
Expeditions during the summers of 2002 and 2003 implemented continuous monitoring of near-surface (2 m height) atmospheric
CO2 and H2O concentrations at the 4500 m elevation on Muztagata. The resultant data sets reveal a slight decrease of CO2 concentrations (of about 5 μmol·mol-1) and changes in the diurnal variations from the end of June to the middle August. The daily maximum CO2 concentrations occur between 02:30-05:30 AM (local time) and the minimum levels occur between 12:00-15:30 PM. The atmospheric
CO2 concentrations in the summer of 2002 were around 5 μmol·mol-1 lower than those during the same period of 2003, whereas the diurnal amplitude was higher. In contrast, we found that the
daily mean atmospheric H2O content in 2003 was much lower than that in 2002 and there exists a striking negative correlation between CO2 and H2O concentrations. We therefore suggest that the near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentration is affected not only by photosynthesis and respiration, but also by the air H2O content in the glaciated region around Muztagata. 相似文献
577.
利用卫星光谱分析技术进行断层逸出气体监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在不少震例中,临震前地壳出现气体异常,震前地下岩石受力产生裂隙,隐藏在地层中的CO2、CH4等温室气体逸出地表或水面。利用卫星光谱分析技术对断层逸出气体组分含量和总量进行监测,筛选出能够反应地震孕育过程中地下逸出气体异常演化特征的参数,建立地震短期预测的动态演化方法。对于认识震前地表气体异常机理,了解流体震兆的演变规律与这些气体异常的动态关系,改善卫星遥感地震预测,是很必要的。 相似文献
578.
辽宁深井承压水位潮汐响应函数的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了辽宁省地震水动态监测网19口井固体潮汐响应函数的计算结果,基于M2波潮汐因子及其月离散相对误差,分析了各观测井潮汐响应函数对地壳应变的响应灵敏度、潮汐因子的动态稳定性和监测效能。结果表明:在所列19口观测井中,如果以M2波潮汐因子0.2m/10-9作为潮汐响应幅值的下限,则除甘沟子以外的18口井可用于潮汐响应函数的研究;如果以M2波潮汐因子的月离散相对误差20%作为选择观测井的上限,则除瓦房店楼房井、岫岩1井、周家井、丹东变电所井、牛四井、容2井和阜新市甘沟子等井以外的12口井可用于潮汐参数的动态特征研究。 相似文献
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580.
首先,分析了中国石油天然气股份有限公司优选出的3个战略选区重点目标,即河套盆地、塔里木东南坳陷和羌塘盆地的油气资源条件,认为这3个目标都具有资源量大、资源丰度较高的特点,具有开展战略选区的油气资源基础.其次,论述了3个目标的储盖组合和油气显示情况,指出每个地区虽然具有不同的特点,但都具有基本的油气成藏条件和较好的勘探前景.最后,在分析3个目标存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了相应的勘探工作建议. 相似文献