Advances, Problems and Prospects of Modern Geodesy Applied in Tibetan Geodynamic Changes

Modern geodetic techniques have developed rapidly in recent years, providing reliable observation data and new effective approaches, and greatly enhancing studies of the Tibetan geodynamics. For instance, the well-known GPS technique has been employed to measure seismic slips for many faults in the Tibetan Plateau. GPS data agree well with the hypothesis of a thickening crust and eastward mass flow. Moreover, absolute gravimetric data have been applied to interpret geophysical phenomena such as crust movement, co-seismic gravity change, GIA, and ground water change. The satellite gravity mission GRACE launched in 2002 provided global gravity models with unprecedentedly high precision and high spatial resolution. It has been used in implementing temporal gravity changes and improving our knowledge of the Earth’s interior, including lithosphere dynamics, mantle viscosity and rheology, plateau uplift, and subduction processing. It is noteworthy that gravity presents unique advantages for the study of Tibetan geodynamics because of its sensitivity to mass migration and dynamic redistribution. To date, great advances have been made in applying modern geodetic data in studying dynamic changes of Tibetan plateau. For instance, the horizontal displacement field from GPS data revealed dynamical characteristics of the present-day Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity anomalies and topographic data describe the tectonic characteristics of Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity data and GPS data show present properties of the Tibetan plateau such as crust thickening, Moho’s subsidence, and plateau uplift. GRACE data were used to estimate the distribution of ice/snow melting.     

大地测量学实践教学改革的探索

大地测量学是测绘工程专业的一门理论性和实践性很强的重要专业基础课。从强化课堂基础实验、重视课程设计、建立生产实习考核体系等3个方面提出了实践教学改革措施,在帮助学生巩固加深理论知识,提高学生运用知识分析解决问题的能力和实践创新能力等方面具有重要的意义。     

Cartography and the others – aspects of a complicated relationship

ABSTRACT

Cartographic visualizations have been known for thousands of years and have brought forth a wealth of different map projections and cartographic products. Yet, cartography as an independent science has been established only about 100 years ago and sometimes its position among the spatial disciplines is challenged by the scientific community. In this respect it is a young science based on a very long tradition of map making, globe production, and the development of map projections. Maps and map related visualizations play an important and indispensable role in many other spatial disciplines such as geography and geodesy. Cartography has many overlaps with these traditional disciplines as well as with the more recent ones of photogrammetry and remote sensing. This paper reviews fundamental aspects of the conception of space and time throughout human history, the historic development of cartography from a technique of map making to a spatial science, highlighting major milestones in the history of the discipline. As a young science and confronted with major technological developments in the late 20^th century cartography underwent several crises as to what exactly is cartography and how it relates to other spatial sciences, in particular to geographic information systems. Major pitfalls and misconceptions are discussed and the three major scientific pillars of cartography are identified. The relationships of cartography with neighboring disciplines are discussed and the position of cartography vis a vis the others is delineated. Finally, desirable future developments of scientific cartography are discussed.     

测地型SVLBI卫星的轨道设计

在总结伽利略地球参考框架的建立和维持的基础上,分析了我国目前所用的参考框架存在的不足,得出了建立我国自主的地球参考框架的重要意义,提出了发展我国自主的地球参考框架,即COMPASS地球参考框架CTRF的实现模式以及数据解算策略。     

关于我国天测与测地VLBI网络未来建设的讨论

结合国内外VLBI技术发展的历史、现状与动态,从天体测量、空间大地测量和深空探测等角度,对我国天测与测地VLBI观测网络的未来建设进行了需求分析和测站配置技术指标分析。     

中国大地测量学发展的若干问题

概述了大地测量学作为测绘基准提供地理信息系统的基础框架作用。回顾了我国大地测量在建立国家平面基准、国家高程基准、国家重力基准等方面的实践,介绍了大地测量学当前发展的国际背景,提出了我国大地测量学今后的发展方向,如建立现代大地坐标框架和现代重力基准的目标和任务,以及改善国家高程基准等方面的考虑     

关于青藏高原地壳的隆升与增厚

本文扼要地评述了国内外地质学家、地球物理学家关于青藏高原地壳隆升与增厚机制的研究成果,并对大地测量学者深入该项研究提出了几点意见。     

联合平差中大地测量观测值的数学模型

本文引入了摄影测量与非摄影测量观测值联合平差中大地测量观测值的严密数学模型——三维大地测量模型和常规的近似模型,针对这两种模型的局限性,提出了适合于联合平差的准三维大地测量模型。     

不同高程基准位差计算的严密理论研究

高程基准是大地测量参考框架的重要组成部分,也是数字地球基础框架的重要内容.但目前各个国家或地区使用的大多是局部高程基准,这严重影响了地球信息数据的全球共享机制.本文利用高程基准与重力位之间的关系,推导了不同高程系统之间的严密位差计算公式和近似计算公式.该理论将为我国和全球高程基准的统一提供理论支持.