Finite element model updating for structures with parametric constraints

This paper presents a finite element (FE) model updating procedure applied to complex structures using an eigenvalue sensitivity‐based updating approach. The objective of the model updating is to reduce the difference between the calculated and the measured frequencies. The method is based on the first‐order Taylor‐series expansion of the eigenvalues with respect to some structural parameters selected to be adjusted. These parameters are assumed to be bounded by some prescribed regions which are determined according to the degrees of uncertainty that exist in the parameters. The changes of these parameters are found iteratively by solving a constrained optimization problem. The improvement of the current study is in the use of an objective function that is the sum of a weighted frequency error norm and a weighted perturbation norm of the parameters. Two weighting matrices are introduced to provide flexibility for individual tuning of frequency errors and parameters' perturbations. The proposed method is applied to a 1/150 scaled suspension bridge model. Using 11 measured frequencies as reference, the FE model is updated by adjusting ten selected structural parameters. The final updated FE model for the suspension bridge model is able to produce natural frequencies in close agreement with the measured ones. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种Timoshenko裂纹梁的静力挠度分析方法

建立了一种Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型并且获得了闭合形式的挠度解析解。首先,在一致梁的理论框架下,通过引入δ函数模拟裂纹导致的局部柔度,建立用广义函数表示的Timoshenko裂纹梁的微分控制方程,进而得到挠度的闭合形式的解答;其次,根据线弹性断裂力学理论,利用转角及挠度突变与局部柔度系数的关系,建立Timoshenko裂纹梁的模型参数与裂纹深度的显式表示;最后,通过对裂纹深度与挠度、转角和曲率间关系的分析,总结了结构响应的损伤敏感性及其特征,并且通过与引入裂纹奇异单元的有限元结果进行比较,验证了本文所建分析模型及求解方法的正确性。研究结果表明,本文所建立的Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型,具有较高的计算精度和效率,在结构模型修正和损伤识别中具有良好的应用前景。     

Hydrological modeling using a dynamic neuro-fuzzy system with on-line and local learning algorithm

This paper introduces the dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modeling system (DNFLMS) that is based on a dynamic Takagi–Sugeno (TS) type fuzzy inference system with on-line and local learning algorithm for complex dynamic hydrological modeling tasks. Our DNFLMS is aimed to implement a fast training speed with the capability of on-line simulation where model adaptation occurs at the arrival of each new item of hydrological data. The DNFLMS applies an on-line, one-pass, training procedure to create and update fuzzy local models dynamically. The extended Kalman filtering algorithm is then implemented to optimize the parameters of the consequence part of each fuzzy model during the training phase. Local generalization in the DNFLMS is employed to optimize the parameters of each fuzzy model separately, region-by-region, using subsets of training data rather than all training data.     

Alternative non‐linear demand estimation methods for probability‐based seismic assessments

Alternative non‐linear dynamic analysis procedures, using real ground motion records, can be used to make probability‐based seismic assessments. These procedures can be used both to obtain parameter estimates for specific probabilistic assessment criteria such as demand and capacity factored design and also to make direct probabilistic performance assessments using numerical methods. Multiple‐stripe analysis is a non‐linear dynamic analysis method that can be used for performance‐based assessments for a wide range of ground motion intensities and multiple performance objectives from onset of damage through global collapse. Alternatively, the amount of analysis effort needed in the performance assessments can be reduced by performing the structural analyses and estimating the main parameters in the region of ground motion intensity levels of interest. In particular, single‐stripe and double‐stripe analysis can provide local probabilistic demand assessments using minimal number of structural analyses (around 20 to 40). As a case study, the displacement‐based seismic performance of an older reinforced concrete frame structure, which is known to have suffered shear failure in its columns during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake, is evaluated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于AutoCAD的大比例尺数字化地形图缩编方法探讨

大比例尺数字化地形图在城镇建设中起着重要的作用,而传统地形图缩编技术效率较低。本文以泰宁县1∶500数字化地形图缩编1∶2000地形图为例,充分利用AutoCAD平台的二次开发和共同特征选取功能,采用半自动和手动相结合的方法,大大提高了缩编效率,为大比例尺地形图缩编提供了一种新的思路。     

煤炭地下气化及对中国天然气发展的战略意义

在实现碳达峰碳中和(“双碳”)目标和保障国家能源安全的双重需求驱动下,我国煤炭地下气化(UCG)迎来了新的历史发展机遇期。为科学制定技术攻关路线、加快产业化发展,按时间顺序梳理了煤炭地下气化试验历程,将其分为矿井式气化、直井/定向井气化、水平井气化3个发展阶段,探究了不同阶段推动气化技术革新的底层逻辑,从技术和非技术2个方面分析了未能产业化的原因并提出产业化发展建议。研究表明：(1) 水平井+可控注入点后退气化工艺不仅能够有效规避浅层气化在地表沉降、淡水污染方面的风险,而且在扩大煤炭纵向开发范围、提高单井控煤量、提升粗煤气品质、保障连续气化方面具有优势,是当前和今后一个时期的主流技术路线。(2) 我国是现场试验时间最长的国家,长期处于矿井式气化阶段,虽然我国中深层煤炭地下气化攻关试验刚起步,但是由于该技术攻关难度大、技术成熟度低,主要富煤国家在技术研发上基本属于同一起跑线,有希望成为我国钻井式气化技术弯道超车的新赛道。(3) 技术适用性不强是造成矿井式、直井式气化产业化困难的主要技术原因,技术成熟度较低是制约水平井气化产业化的主要技术原因,长期稳产高产问题尚未得到彻底解决。(4) 常规天然气低成本开发和页岩气革命的冲击,民众对浅层气化诱发环境污染的担忧,政府对煤炭地下气化的政策转向,是导致国外试验终止的主要非技术原因;发展规划长期空白、科研试验主体相对单一、科研投入不足、产业扶持政策未出台、联合创新机制未建立是阻碍我国气化产业化的非技术原因。提出我国UCG产业化建议：新时期要充分认识煤炭地下气化技术的复杂性和挑战性,按照“干成”“干好”两个维度,破解“长期稳产”和“高产优产”两个核心问题,通过同步推进科研攻关和现场试验不断提高技术成熟度,在生产端采用“先物理采气后化学气化”的梯级开发方式避免与煤层气开发竞争,在利用端积极探索与油气、新能源、煤化工融合发展模式以提高经济效益。作为一种“人造气藏”的颠覆性开发方式,煤炭地下气化攻关成功后能为其他矿产资源的流态化开发提供技术借鉴,助推我国化石能源非常规开发技术实现新跨越。

     

核地球物理学的X射线荧光技术在我国固体矿产资源中的研究与应用

本文概述:1.理论研究及基体效应的校正;2.本文作者设计与发展的HYX-1轻便型X射线荧光仪、HYX-2轻便型双道X射线荧光仪、HYX-3微型机400道X射线荧光仪、JXY-1X射线荧光测井仪以及用于各型轻便型X射线荧光仪的找金矿滤波器;3.用于Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Zn、Pb、Sr、Mo、As、Sn、sb、Ba、W、Hg、Au、K、P等矿种的勘查或开采中的测定。实践表明,核地球物理学的X射线荧光技术在勘探和生产中是有效而经济的工具。     

数字河流数据的组织和制图综合

本文概略地介绍了通过使数据合理化和溪流顺序排列的软件的研制,把某些结构引入TIS已拥有的河流数据里所进行的工作。这项工作不仅施惠于水文学和地理学,而且可用于制图。它便于根据重新组织过的数据在逻辑上的联结,借助计算机生产各种比例尺的制图综合过的地图。综合样图以英格兰西南部的水系加以说明。     

Ricker子波核支持向量回归的Mercer条件拓展问题研究

Ricker子波核支持向量回归方法是消减地震勘探记录强随机噪声的新滤波技术.用判定支持向量允许核函数的Mercer条件探讨Ricker子波核函数的有效性,经过数值计算相应的核矩阵的最小特征值,发现在一个较大范围内存在极小的负值带,数量级为10-13~10-16,且在正值带中亦存在10-13~10-15数量级的量.考虑到正负极小量值的计算误差机理相近,认为判定核函数有效性的Mercer条件在工程应用时有可能适当放宽,即核矩阵不严格半正定,接近半正定亦可.为了将Ricker子波核支持向量回归滤波方法向实际应用发展,本文对不同的理论模型的Ricker子波核滤波和小波变换滤波、自适应维纳滤波这三种技术的效果进行了比较,包括时域波形、频域振幅谱、滤波前后的信噪比以及均方误差等方面.结果表明,Ricker子波核滤波方法优于另两种方法.为实际应用Ricker子波核滤波方法奠定基础.     

导航电子地图的变比例尺可视化

将变比例尺可视化技术应用到导航电子地图可视化中,实现了“近大远小”的“哈哈镜”显示效果。设计了圆形、矩形两种不同放大区域,讨论了不同比例尺区域目标的自适应可视化,并根据变比例尺地图变形特点,对距离量算方法进行改进,以克服该种可视化地图距离感弱的缺点。