倾斜砖质筒式结构的定向倒塌

对倾斜砖质筒式结构的定向倒塌特点进行了分析，提出在定向制品设计时应考虑纠偏问题，并和学平衡原理推导出纠偏角的计算公式。     

GPS在小区域内测定点位高程应用中的垂线偏差方法

本文讨论了在局部ＧＰＳ网中通过少量重合点，考虑区域的垂线偏差，求定其它点的正常高。     

盐井定向对接连通施工工艺

山东新汶矿业集团ZJ02—PJ02对接井,直井ZJ02设计深度为94112 m,斜井PJ02井设计深度为120300 m,两井相距25200 m。设计井身为三开结构并合理配置钻探及造斜专用设备;为防止井斜采用塔式钟摆钻具;根据不同井段,合理选用钻压、钻速和泵量,配制不同的钻井液;采用高精度的PST随钻测斜和最小曲率法计算钻井轨迹,保证了两井的顺利对接连通。     

GPS RMBS起算点偏差对定位影响的研究

GPS RMBS(Relative Moving Baseline System)在工程中有许多重要的应用,例如,远洋编队航行、舰载飞机着舰、编队飞行、空中加油等,但在RMBS中需要伪距单点定位来提供起算点。本文讨论了伪距单点实时定位的精度,由于其精度有限,导出了该起算偏差对定位影响的模型。通过实验,其实算结果表明:由伪距实时单点定位来作为起算点,无论对于基线长还是基线分量都有影响,并且对基线分量的影响大于总基线,但对于10km范围内,其影响仍可以满足cm级高精度的相对定位要求。     

中国南极中山验潮站记录到的2004年印度洋海啸事件

2004年12月26日发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛至印度安达曼群岛西侧海沟的大地震达9级或者9级以上,引发的海啸造成了空前的灾难。本文利用中国南极中山验潮站2004年12月26日至29日的验潮数据,记录到了此次印度洋大海啸事件。海啸通过印度洋于震后12小时达到南极中山站海域,海啸最大波高约40 cm。     

工程测量在建筑物纠偏中的应用

本文主要探讨在高密度的楼群中,如何测量倾斜楼房的倾斜量,计算纠偏所需的相对沉降量,为纠偏工程的设计提供精度可靠的数据;在纠偏过程中,利用观测的沉降值监控纠偏速度,使其均匀沉降,安全生产。     

确定渗透系数的地下水位计试验法

以摆纪磷石膏堆场为例,应用空压机对磷石膏含水层进行提水试验,采用地下水位计方法求解磷石膏渗透系数。实例研究表明,结果与室内试验一致,且该方法求解简单、速度快、精度高,既适用于潜水含水层渗透系数的求解,又可推广到承压含水层渗透系数的求解,有着较好的实际应用价值。     

台风鲸鱼(1508)路径和降水业务预报偏差原因分析

1508号台风鲸鱼路径和降水业务预报均出现明显偏差,造成该台风预报服务效果很差。本文主要利用常规观测资料、卫星资料、EC模式预报结果和ERA-interim再分析资料(0.25°×0.25°),探讨"鲸鱼"路径和降水业务预报偏差的原因,同时对比分析与"鲸鱼"路径相似的两组夏季台风出现近乎反向的强降水落区的成因。结果表明:(1)"鲸鱼"强度偏弱,业务定位出现较大偏差,同时EC模式对副热带高压预报明显偏弱偏东,是其路径及登陆点预报偏差的主要原因。(2)EC模式较好地预报出副热带西风急流加强、南海海域高层东北风加大的过程,但业务中却忽视了它们通过加强环境风垂直切变对台风非对称结构的作用,从而导致"鲸鱼"路径和降水预报出现偏差。(3)台风路径和降水预报要特别关注副热带西风急流和对流层高层西风槽的演变,副热带西风急流加强东进南落,台风中心附近高层东北风加大,环境风垂直切变随之加大,其南侧对流发展旺盛,台风移动路径偏西分量加大,强降水主要位于其路径左侧;西风槽东移南压,且与台风环流靠近,台风中心附近环境风垂直切变明显减小,其北侧对流发展旺盛,台风移动路径偏北分量加大,强降水主要位于其路径右侧。     

AFV refueling stations and the complexity of freeway intersections: the scale dependency of network representation

As interest for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) in urban areas continues to build, there has been a corresponding focus on the development of methods that can locate initial refueling stations on regional transportation networks in an optimal manner. Recent studies suggest that the behavior of early adopters of AFVs is consistent with the objectives of flow-capturing station location models. One outstanding issue with the further use of these models to locate AFV stations is the relationship between the relatively coarse geographic representation of regional transportation networks used in flow-capturing models and the complexity of the sites they recommend, which are often nodes that represent freeway intersections. Since AFV refueling stations cannot be built directly at freeway intersections, a network GIS method entitled the freeway traffic capture metric (FTCM) is developed to identify locations on proximate local street networks that can effectively capture all traffic passing through a freeway intersection. The FTCM considers deviation from a shortest travel path specifically through a freeway intersection as its metric of convenience for all possible travel routes that pass through it, computing a score for each candidate site on the nearby local street network. The FTCM is tested on nearly 45,000 candidate sites within one mile of 72 freeway intersections in greater Los Angeles, California. Locations that can capture all traffic passing through the nearby freeway intersection are shown to generally be near the intersection’s center, but not necessarily next to freeway entrances or exits. In total, 6.7% of possible station locations near these 72 freeway intersections are convenient for all traffic passing through them, and 22 out of the 72 freeway intersections lack such a site altogether. This indicates that there is high likelihood of inconsistency between regional modeling results and station location effectiveness if this scale dependency between coarse representations of transportation networks and the complexity of local street networks near freeway intersections is not considered when building initial AFV stations near these locations.     

不同地形条件下的星载激光测高系统误差分析

为了进一步提高激光测高的精度,服务于即将发射的国产激光测高卫星,文章归纳了激光测高系统的误差来源,推导出误差传播方程,然后分析了主要观测误差对光斑定位精度的影响,最后利用模拟参数估计定位精度;其中针对激光测高卫星在陆地地区的观测,主要分析了地表坡度的变化对测高精度的影响,分析结果表明:坡度造成的额外测距误差对测高精度影响较大,成为影响山区测高精度的主要误差来源。