土工膜应变计的研制及其应用(Ⅰ):研制

土工膜应变计作为监测软土地基的一种加固材料——土工织物(土工膜)变形的新型测试手段,经过国家“七五”、“八五”科技攻关研究,解决了将该应变计应用于监测土工织物这类低弹模柔性材料大应变的一系列特殊技术难题;克服长标距特种大应变计的粘贴难点,探讨合理的粘贴方法,使其在土工膜上的粘贴达到最佳效果;寻求合适的低弹模应变胶,要求其固化后的力学特性与被测土工膜材料的力学特性相接近;采用特殊的率定方法对粘贴上特种应变计的土工膜材料进行率定,以求得特种应变计的灵敏系数k和土工膜材料特性A这两项重要参数;以及解决现场实测埋设中的安装、防护等难题。经过攻关研究,使得单薄、脆弱的特种大应变计能够成为可靠、耐用的新型测试手段,应用于三峡工程二期围堰监测防渗土工膜的变形,取得了满意的监测成果。     

气泡式水位计在水文自动测报系统中的应用

本文简述了第三代高精度气泡式水位计的工作原理、主要技术参数、接口特点和与终端间的无缝连接设计，并简要介绍了该仪器在水文自动测报系统中的应用情况，说明第三代高精度气泡式水位计明显优于前两代产品，其设计思路供水文遥测系统和国家防汛抗旱指挥系统扩充水位量测应用参考。     

The importance of crustal structure in explaining the observed uncertainties in ground motion estimation

In this short article, the possible reduction in the standard deviation of empirical ground motion estimation equations through the modelling of the effect of crustal structure is assessed through the use of ground-motion simulations. Simulations are computed for different source-to-site distances, focal depths, focal mechanisms and for crustal models of the Pyrenees, the western Alps and the upper Rhine Graben. Through the method of equivalent hypocentral distance introduced by Douglas et al. [(2004) Bull Earthquake Eng 2(1): 75–99] to model the effect of crustal structure in empirical equations, the scatter associated with such equations derived using these simulated data could be reduced to zero if real-to-equivalent hypocentral distance mapping functions were derived for every combination of mechanism, depth and crustal structure present in the simulated dataset. This is, obviously, impractical. The relative importance of each parameter in affecting the decay of ground motions is assessed here. It is found that variation in focal depth is generally more important than the effect of crustal structure when deriving the real-to-equivalent hypocentral distance mapping functions. In addition, mechanism and magnitude do not have an important impact on the decay rate.     

Vertical Crustal Motion along the Mediterranean and Black Sea Coast Derived from Ocean Altimetry and Tide Gauge Data

Tide gauge (TG) data along the northern Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts are compared to the sea-surface height (SSH) anomaly obtained from ocean altimetry (TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1/2) for a period of nine years (1993–2001). The TG measures the SSH relative to the ground whereas the altimetry does so with respect to the geocentric reference frame; therefore their difference would be in principle a vertical ground motion of the TG sites, though there are different error sources for this estimate as is discussed in the paper. In this study we estimate such vertical ground motion, for each TG site, from the slope of the SSH time series of the (non-seasonal) difference between the TG record and the altimetry measurement at a point closest to the TG. Where possible, these estimates are further compared with those derived from nearby continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data series. These results on vertical ground motion along the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts provide useful source data for studying, contrasting, and constraining tectonic models of the region. For example, in the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and in the western coast of Greece, a general subsidence is observed which may be related to the Adriatic lithosphere subducting beneath the Eurasian plate along the Dinarides fault.     

滑坡现场监测用的HA-1P数据测量仪

HA-1P数据测量仪可配接电阻应变计式传感器和电位计式传感器,用来测量倾斜、位移、沉降、挠度、转角、转矩、拉力、压力、应力应变、孔隙水压力和水位等参数,以监测滑坡动态和预报滑坡发生的时间、规模。     

The deviation of light path in Einstein–Brans–Dicke theory

Both Jordan–Brans–Dicke (shortened JBD) theory and Brans–Dicke theory in the Einstein’s frame (shortened EBD) are treated as Brans–Dicke theory. However, we learn that only Pauli metric represents the massless spin-two graviton and thus, should be identified as physical. If one just considers the weak field approximation and Newtonian limit, EBD theory gives the same results with Einstein’s general relativity. So, it is necessary to consider strong field effects and cosmological model. The purpose of this paper is to find the exact spherically symmetric metric in the strong field situation, and deduce the deviation of light path in EBD theory.     

关于调合函数的几个定理

关于三维调合函数已有较完整的理论。本文是从另一角度,给出一个偏微分方程组,由此导出拉普拉斯方程。该偏微分方程组显然是“复变函数”中的C—R条件的推广。在此基础上,本文提出是否可能推广数域以建立比复数更为广义的数域的问题。     

不对称鱼嘴构造研究

比较对称型鱼嘴构造和不对称鱼嘴构造的形成机制，建立鱼嘴构造类型与剪切作用方式之间的关系，认识到剪切作用方式是产生对称和不对称鱼嘴香构造的外在原因。运用应变分解的原则，提出计算不对称鱼嘴构造纯剪切应变和简单剪切应变的方法，在此基础上提出了计算不对称鱼嘴构造的剪切应变计；并在前人研究基础上，分析了不对称鱼嘴构造的应变折射现象，认识到基质与能干层的粘性差异是产生不对称鱼嘴构造的内在动因，提出了计算相邻介质的粘度比的新方法，在此基础上提出了不对称鱼嘴构造的应变折射流变计。     

稀土元素内潜同晶分馏模式及其意义

稀土元素所具有的内潜同晶现象,可将其14个元素则可视为一个元素,而其它稀土元素视为其同位素,其在地质作用过程中,将像同位素一样,存在分馏。按照同位素的分馏模式,以球粒陨石值作为标准,计算出每一个稀土元素的分馏值,其值按δREE=[(REE/ΣREE)样品/(REE/ΣREE)球粒陨石-1]×100计算,以此为纵坐标,以原子序数为横坐标,作一个模式图,这种模式图称为稀土元素内潜同晶分馏模式图。该模式图在岩石成因,特别是岩浆岩的成因、岩浆岩的演化等方面有其独特的意义。     

潮州地震台静力水准仪试运行介绍

介绍了潮州地震台静力水准仪的安装、调试及试运行过程中碰到的问题及解决的方法，并对记录的数据进行分析，表明已达到系统设计要求。