On the structural test of 1.5-ton test WIG craft

This paper deals with the static structural test of 1.5-ton test WIG (Wing-In-Ground effect) craft designed and built to verify its aero/hydro-dynamic and structural design characteristics prior to the design of full scale 20-passenger WIG craft. The test WIG craft is scaled down from its full scale WIG craft by 1/2 and built using pre-preg carbon/epoxy composites for the majority of structural parts with metallic materials for fittings used at wings to hull connections. To initiate the test, the finite element (FE) models of the test WIG craft are developed and, based on their results, the details of applied load range, strain/deflection gauge types and locations, load application methods and data acquisition system specifications are determined. The test is performed with respect to main wings to hull connection part first and then vertical tail wing to hull connection part and, finally, horizontal tail wing to vertical tail wing/hull connection part. Both the test and FE model results are compared with respect to stresses and deflections and the comparison shows good correlation between them which implies satisfactory design and building of 1.5-ton test WIG craft.     

微波辐射计与探空仪测值对比分析

利用武汉站高时空分辨力探空资料(3h,30m)与同址的MP-3000A型地基微波辐射计资料,分析了微波辐射计探测偏差的日变化及时间序列变化特征。结果表明,微波辐射计对大气要素的探测具有较高的探测准确度,但仍然存在一定的探测偏差。温度的探测偏差大值区出现在午后,相对湿度及水汽密度的探测偏差大值区则在凌晨;温度及相对湿度探测误差的时间序列表现为起伏较大,而水汽密度则相对平稳,降水,特别是强降水,会对微波辐射计的探测准确度产生较明显的影响。     

岚山海洋观测站验潮、温盐井的设计建设

验潮井、温盐井设计在《海滨观测规范》中仅提供了一个参考公式与参考数据,至今尚未形成一个从理论到实际的成熟的设计方法及设计模式。对岚山海洋观测站验潮井、温盐井的设计建设进行了总结,经对比验证效果良好。     

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Geodetic determination of the surface topography of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea Level Project is an international scientific observation program to unify the vertical datums of the countries of the Baltic Sea with GPS measurements. In total, 35 tide gauges on shores and islands of the Baltic were occupied with GPS in 1993. After computing a new gravimetric geoid over the Baltic Sea, it was possible to unify the datums as well as to calculate the orthometric heights and the sea surface topography values for the tide gauge stations. The results obtained are shown.     

我国近海1992-2006年海平面变化的小波分析

用14年多的多颗测高卫星同化海面异常数据,分析我国近海海平面信号变化特征,结果显示年周期信号在我国海域海平面变化中占有主导地位。其次,半年周期信号在南海也有较强显示,而黄海和东海则表示为高频信号,半年起伏及高频信号的周期和振幅均不稳定。首次在南海和东海海域发现存在一周期为准540 d的信号,其物理机制尚不明确。用标准Morlet小波变换方法对上述周期信号进行了提取。验潮站数据也证实了该信号的存在。海面异常分析结果显示在1993~2007年期间,我国海平面平均升高速率:黄海为(4.01±0.49)mm/a,东海为(4.61±0.35)mm/a,南海为(3.68±0.41)mm/a。海平面上升趋势地理分布结果显示海平面变化具有很大的空间差异性。     

沂沭断裂带及附近地区分段平均波速比研究

以山东省数字地震台网产出的观测报告为基础,将沂沭断裂带及附近地区划分成4个子区域,利用多台和达法分别计算出了2002年1月至2012年4月各个子区域内中小地震平均波速比,并对其时空分布特征进行了比较.结果表明:(1)郯城—高桥段、莱州湾及附近海域平均波速比略低于孟疃—潍坊段和新沂—宿迁段,沂沭带主干断裂波速比基本分布在1.69 ～ 1.73之间,胶东半岛北部海域(120.5°E以东区域)波速比明显偏低,最低值为1.63;(2)研究区中小地震震源深度与其波速比没有明显相依关系,震源深度优势分布范围为5～20 km,反映了研究区中、上地壳介质的横向不均匀性;(3)波速比计算中,台站数目越多波速比计算误差越小,合适的空间范围的划分能更真实反映介质的变化.     

Local least absolute deviation estimation of spatially varying coefficient models: robust geographically weighted regression approaches

The geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been widely applied to many practical fields for exploring spatial non-stationarity of a regression relationship. However, this method is inherently not robust to outliers due to the least squares criterion in the process of estimation. Outliers commonly exist in data sets and may lead to a distorted estimate of the underlying regression relationship. Using the least absolute deviation criterion, we propose two robust scenarios of the GWR approaches to handle outliers. One is based on the basic GWR and the other is based on the local linear GWR (LGWR). The proposed methods can automatically reduce the impact of outliers on the estimates of the regression coefficients and can be easily implemented with modern computer software for dealing with the linear programming problems. We then conduct simulations to assess the performance of the proposed methods and the results demonstrate that the methods are quite robust to outliers and can retrieve the underlying coefficient surfaces satisfactorily even though the data are seriously contaminated or contain severe outliers.     

Vertical Land Motion in the Mediterranean Sea from Altimetry and Tide Gauge Stations

We have computed estimates of the rate of vertical land motion in the Mediterranean Sea from differences of sea level heights measured by the TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter and by a set of tide gauge stations. The comparison of data at 16 tide gauges, using both hourly data from local datasets and monthly data from the PSMSL dataset, shows a general agreement, significant differences are found at only one location. Differences of near-simultaneous, monthly and deseasoned monthly sea level height time-series have been considered in order to reduce the error in the estimated linear-term. In a subset of 23 tide gauge stations the mean accuracy of the estimated vertical rates is 2.3 ± 0.8 mm/yr. Results for various stations are in agreement with estimates of vertical land motion from geodetic methods. A comparison with vertical motion estimated by GPS at four locations shows a mean difference of ?0.04 ± 1.8 mm/yr, however the length of the GPS time-series and the number of locations are too small to draw general conclusions.     

Transformation method of exterior orientation angular elements obtained via position and orientation system under Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system

Data obtained via airborne position and orientation system (POS) is in WGS 84 global geocentric reference frame, while the national coordinate reference system for topographic mapping in China is generally Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system. Therefore, data obtained via a POS must be transformed to national coordinate system. Owing to the effects of earth curvature and meridian deviation, there are some errors in the process of angle transformation from roll, pitch, and heading (Φ ,Θ ,Ψ )obtained dir...