俯冲带浅壳和上地幔地震水平向位移谱阻尼修正系数模型研究

考虑场地条件的影响,采用固定效应方法对日本K-NET和KiK-Net强震台网获取的6466条浅壳和上地幔地震记录的统计分析,建立水平向位移谱阻尼修正系数模型.该模型基于13个阻尼比和36个谱周期,使用随机效应模型分离出残差及其对应标准差,用来评估地震动参数对模型的影响.研究表明:以阻尼比对数值为自变量的简单二次函数可以...     

Absolute Sea Level Surface Modeling for the Mediterranean from Satellite Altimeter and Tide Gauge Measurements

Changes in the height of the ocean can be described through the relative and absolute sea level changes depending on the geodetic reference the sea level records are related to. Satellite altimetry provides absolute sea level (ASL) measurements related to the global geodetic reference, whereas tide gauges provide relative sea level (RSL) measurements related to the adjacent land. This study aims at computing the ASL surfaces for different time epochs from combined satellite altimeter and tide gauge records. A method of sea level data fusion is proposed to enable modeling of the impact of present and future sea level changes on the coast. Sea surface modeling was investigated for ten different gridding methods commonly used for the interpolation of altimeter data over the open ocean and extrapolation over the coastal zones. The performance of gridding methods was assessed based on the comparison of the gridded altimeter data and corrected tide gauge measurements. Finally, the sea level surfaces related to the GRS80 global reference ellipsoid were computed for the Mediterranean Sea over the altimeter period. In addition, the current sea level trends were estimated from both sea level measurements.     

Variability of Sea Surface Heights in the Baltic Sea: An Intercomparison of Observations and Model Simulations

Sea level changes in the Baltic Sea are dominated by internal, short-term variations that are mostly caused by the ephemeral nature of atmospheric conditions over the Baltic area. Tides are small and their influence decreases from western parts of the Baltic Sea to the Baltic Proper. Superimposed to the large short-term sea level changes (up to few decimeters from day to day) are seasonal and interannual variations (centimeters to decimeters). This study focuses on the comparison of sea surface heights obtained from observations and from a high resolution oceanographic model of the Baltic Sea. From this comparison, the accuracy of the modeled sea surface variations is evaluated, which is a necessary precondition for the further use of the oceanographic model in geodetic applications. The model reproduces all observed Baltic sea level variations very reliably with an accuracy of 5 to 9 cm (rms) for short-term variations (up to 2 months) and 8 cm (rms) for long-term variations (>2 months). An additional improvement of the model can be attained by including long-period sea level variations of the North Sea. The model performs well also in the case of extreme sea level events, as is shown for a major storm surge that occurred at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in November 1995.     

Comparison of Sea Surface Heights Derived from Satellite Altimetry and from Ocean Bottom Pressure Gauges: The SW Pacific MOTEVAS Project

A bottom pressure gauge (BPG) was installed in proximity (3.7 km at closest approach) of Jason-1 and formerly TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) ground track No. 238 at the Wusi site, located ～ 10 km offshore off the west coast of Santo Island, Vanuatu, Southwest (SW) Pacific. Sea level variations are inferred from the bottom pressure, seawater temperature, and salinity, corrected for the measured surface atmospheric pressure. The expansion of the water column (steric increase in sea surface height, SSH) due to temperature and salinity changes is approximated by the equation of state. We compare time series of SSH derived from T/P Side B altimeter Geophysical Data Records (GDR) and Jason-1 Interim Geophysical Data Records (IGDR), with the gauge-inferred sea level variations. Since altimeter SSH is a geocentric measurement, whereas the gauge-inferred observation is a relative sea level measurement, SSH comparison is conducted with the means of both series removed in this study. In addition, high-rate (1-Hz) bottom pressure implied wave heights (H _1/3 ) are compared with the significant wave height (SWH) measured by Jason-1. Noticeable discrepancy is found in this comparison for high waves, however the differences do not contribute significantly to the difference in sea level variations observed between the altimeter and the pressure gauge. In situ atmospheric pressure measurements are also used to verify the inverse barometer (IB) and the dry troposphere corrections (DTC) used in the Jason IGDR. We observe a bias between the IGDR corrections and those derived from the local sensors. Standard deviations of the sea level differences between T/P and BPG is 52 mm and is 48 mm between Jason and BPG, indicating that both altimeters have similar performance at the Wusi site and that it is feasible to conduct long-term monitoring of altimetry at such a site.     

A geodetic investigation of the British sea slope anomaly

Abstract

A project was initiated in 1986 to investigate an apparent significant discrepancy between geodetic and oceanographic leveling determinations of mean sea level around the coast of Great Britain. In oceanographic terms this discrepancy is equivalent to a sea slope in a North‐South direction.

The project, which lasted for 3 years, has been carried out in conjunction with research groups at the University of Edinburgh, the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, and the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain. It has involved combining Global Positioning System (GPS)‐derived ellipsoidal height differences with a high‐precision geoid, leading to an independent determination of the orthometric heights of tide gauges along the east coast of Great Britain.

A major GPS campaign was observed in May 1988. Measurements were made at time gauges between Leith and Lowestoft while simultaneously making measurements at fiducial sites. The results of the 1988 and subsequent campaigns are presented and discussed, and details are given of further observation campaigns to monitor the vertical movement of tide gauges around the coast of Britain by GPS.     

激光垂准仪一测回垂准测量标准偏差校准的精度分析

根据JJF1081-2002《垂准仪校准规范》的规定,采用测量不确定度A类或B类评定方法,在观测条件正好处于合格条件的临界状态的情况下,对垂准仪一测回垂准测量标准偏差校准的测量不确定度进行评定,并给出垂准仪在实际使用中一测回垂准测量标准偏差的预警值。     

机载极化SAR 地物类型逐步精细分类研究

在机载高分辨率X波段雷达影像上,城市水体、水泥道路、裸露土壤等地物回波信号弱,具有较强的相似性.目前的H/Alpha-Wishart 、Freeman-Durden 等系列算法对这些地物的区分不理想.本文针对X波段的全极化数据,提出基于预分类再分割的方法,重新估计极化协方差矩阵;然后根据协方差矩阵的熵值与同极化通道相位差的标准差构建特征空间,利用阈值法方法进行特征空间分割,获取最终精细分类结果.实验证明,本文方法可以在高分辨率条件下对水体、水泥道路、裸露土壤进行较为精确的划分,总体分类精度优于80% 、Kappa 系数高于0.7 ,是一种有效的低后向散射地物精细分类方法.     

强度尺度方法在模式定量降水预报检验中的应用

介绍了Casati于2004年提出的强度尺度检验技术,并将该方法应用到上海区域中尺度模式的预报检验中。结果表明,强度尺度检验技术可以提供一种从不同降水率闽值和空间尺度对模式定量降水预报进行评估的方案。该方法首先对预报场和观测场进行降水率闽值获得二进制误差场,并通过二维离散Haar小波对二进制误差场进行各个空间尺度的分解,从而评估模式在各个降水率闯值和空间尺度上的均方差和预报技巧。通过计算各空间尺度二进制误差场的均方差百分比和能量平方偏差,可分析不同的降水特征尺度误差对总体误差的贡献情况以及预报降水与观测的偏差情况。     

CAWS600型自动气象站采集器通道误差修正

根据CAWS600型自动气象站采集器各通道与传感器的连接情况,并结合DT5**系列采集器程序参数的定义,介绍各参数与其代表观测量的数量关系、调整方法,最终实现该类型采集器通道误差的修正.在进行误差修正时为每个观测量增加了辅助修正参数,在达到通道误差修正效果的同时保留了计算参数的原始性.该修正方法是针对采集程序的计算参数进行的调整,调整后的程序上传到采集器,即使遇到更换传感器或该采集器被用于其他自动站等情况,该采集器的通道误差修正效果也继续有效.     

济宁岱庄煤矿石膏体充填孔钻探施工技术

煤矿可采煤层覆岩石膏体充填是提高资源回采量、防止村镇密集区地面沉降塌陷而采取的一种新措施。以济宁岱庄煤矿石膏体充填孔为例,介绍了该孔的设计、主要技术要求及钻进技术参数。提出了应用PHP—HPAN优质泥浆,以提高钻进速度;正确使用钻具组合,每100m测斜一次以防止钻孔弯曲等切实可行的技术措施。从泥浆配制、焊接、下管、管路加工及安装的质量检验角度,详细介绍了成井的技术要点,并对固井作业中的冲孔、制浆和泵浆几个过程进行了说明。