Low energy γ-ray events in imaging Čerenkov telescope arrays

One of the major goals in VHE--ray astronomy is to open the energy range below 100 GeV with earthbound detectors. This paper demonstrates a new method for analyzing erenkov light of a shower in a erenkov telescope array. This method is successful for showers in this low energy regime where previous techniques (e.g. alpha analysis) are not applicable. A Monte Carlo simulation is applied to a system of 19 Whipple type [3, Cawley 1990] Imaging Atmospheric erenkov telescopes (IAT), each built as a 10 m diameter reflector and equipped with a 109 photomultiplier tube camera. The energy threshold for a single detector of this type is given [5, Kerrick et al. 1995] as 250 GeV. Analysis of simulated coincident events of the system for those events not having enough light to apply a standard imaging analysis [4, Hillas 1985], leads to a considerably lower threshold of 85 GeV. With a new analysis method of these events it is shown that it should be possible to distinguish between -ray induced and proton induced showers. The improvement of sensitivity (Q = figure of merit) of this analysis method is found to be Q=2.9.     

岩溶泉流量衰减曲线分析

由于岩溶含水介质的强烈非均质性和各向异性,如何有效认识岩溶含水层内部的水文地质特征为研究难点之一,岩溶泉衰减曲线分析为认识岩溶含水层的一种有效手段。总结了目前广泛用于泉流量衰减曲线分析的几种常见方法,主要包括指数型衰减、非指数型衰减分析方法以及综合型的衰减曲线分析方法,讨论了管道可能对泉流量衰减曲线的影响,最后提出了今后对岩溶泉流量衰减曲线分析拟解决的一些关键问题。     

松嫩平原哈尔滨地区地下水环境背景值分析

受自然条件及人类活动的影响,地下水环境发生了较大的变化,地下水污染问题日益引起广泛的关注。正确确定背景值对地下水污染评价十分重要。以收集的松嫩平原哈尔滨地区150余组地下水水化学样品分析数据为依据,在分析区域流场、补给径流条件的基础上,选用数理统计法和经验法求取了研究区潜水和承压水地下水环境背景值,并对地下水环境背景值进行比较。结果表明:数理统计法以自然地理环境和人类长期活动的综合作用为基础,克服了经验法的不足,可较真实地反映研究区地下水背景状况;研究区内潜水中指标NO3-、Fe、Mn和承压水中指标Fe、Mn均为高背景值指标;区内地下水环境背景值与人类活动、地下水的补、径、排和沉积环境条件具有密切的关系。     

减P路径下饱和软粘土应力应变性状的试验研究

对汉口某地的淤泥质粘土进行了一系列应力路径试验。试验表明,饱和软粘土的应力应变性状与应力路径密切相关,在各种减P应力路径下的应力比与轴应变之间均存在着良好的双曲线关系,据此,建立了一个和应力路径有关的归一化应力应变双曲线模型。分析了排水试验中的体变特性和不排水试验下的孔压变化特性。     

山东唐家沟金矿床地质特征及深部预测

唐家沟金矿位于胶东牟平乳山金矿带西南段;历经数次勘查工作,近期获得较大突破,累计金金属资源量规模达到近大型。矿区内出露地层主要为古元古代荆山群变质岩及新生界第四系,构造以古元古代褶皱构造和中生代断裂构造为主,其中含金矿化蚀变带受 NNE 向、NE 向、近 EW 向断裂控制。主要控矿构造呈 NNE 向、近 EW向展布,矿石类型主要为黄铁矿化石英脉、黄铁矿化花岗质碎裂岩和黄铁矿化大理岩,矿化具多期活动特点。研究发现,控矿构造局部引张段与其他构造交会处是储矿的有利部位,矿化蚀变叠加地段预示着深部成矿可能性极大。深部预测 NNE 向金矿化断裂构造与 NE 向硫化物富集带交会部位,残留荆山群地层与侵入岩接触部位、接触带与NE 向硫化物富集带交会部位为成矿的有利地带。     

Puhimau Thermal Area: A Window into the Upper East Rift Zone of Volcano, Hawaii?

We report the results of two soil CO₂ efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO₂ might be reaching the ERZ after degassing beneath the summit caldera and whether the Puhimau thermal area might be a significant contributor to the overall CO₂ budget of . The area was revisited in 2001 to determine the effects of surface disturbance on efflux values by the collar emplacement technique utilized in the earlier surveys. Utilizing a cutoff value of 50 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for the surrounding forest background efflux, the CO₂ emission rates for the anomaly at Puhimau thermal area were 27 t d⁻¹ in 1996 and 17 t d⁻¹ in 1998. Water vapor was removed before analysis in all cases in order to obtain CO₂ values on a dry air basis and mitigate the effect of water vapor dilution on the measurements. It is clear that Puhimau thermal area is not a significant contributor to CO₂ output and that most of CO₂ (8500 t d⁻¹) is degassed at the summit, leaving only magma with its remaining stored volatiles, such as SO₂, for injection down the ERZ. Because of the low CO₂ emission rate and the presence of a shallow water table in the upper ERZ that effectively scrubs SO₂ and other acid gases, Puhimau thermal area currently does not appear to be generally well suited for observing temporal changes in degassing at .     

时间序列分析在电离层短期预报中的应用

根据IGS提供的2012年TEC数据,在得到TEC值残差序列的基础上,利用谱分析去掉周期项和Matlab工具箱去掉趋势项并采用平滑算法去噪后,对随机项进行时间序列分析。目前,电离层格网点的预报均建立在原始TEC上,阐述了采用差分后的TEC值进行预报的方法,以减少日变化周期项的影响。根据AR（p）模型预报的结果加上周期项和趋势项后,再加上前一天对应时段的TEC值与IGS发布的数据比较,结果表明,该方法利用短期IGS发布的TEC值进行电离层预报能取得较高的精度。     

Centrifuge modelling of lateral loading behaviour of a “semi-rigid” Mono-pile in soft clay

Abstract

Mono-pile foundations have been widely used for offshore wind turbines principally due to their convenient construction and cost-effective nature. So far, little attention has been paid to large diameter “semi-rigid” piles that have distinct behaviours from flexible or ideally rigid piles. This paper presents a series of centrifuge model tests to study the deforming and bearing characteristics of a 5.9 dia. semi-rigid pile under lateral loadings in kaolin clay. For monotonic loading, a modified p–y curve analysis model considering rotational soil flow near the rotation centre of pile was proposed, highlighting the limitation of classic plane-strain based plasticity models to evaluate the ultimate lateral pile-soil resistance. For cyclic loading, a strong correlation between the degree of soil degradation and cyclic load amplitude was identified. Besides, a degradation factor model, accounting for various cyclic stress levels and soil depths, was proposed, which can be used to assess the accumulative displacement of semi-rigid piles under cyclic loadings in soft clay.