水分对科尔沁沙地差不嘎蒿气体交换特性的影响

 以科尔沁沙地优良固沙植物差不嘎蒿（Artemisia halodendron）为实验对象,研究了其在不同水分条件下的气体交换特性。结果表明,不同水分处理下差不嘎蒿的气体交换特性存在显著差异。在对照供水条件（当地降水平均值,123 mm）下,差不嘎蒿叶片具有最大的光合速率;少量供水（61.5 mm）下,差不嘎蒿叶片的气体交换能力下降,导致净光合速率减小,但水分利用率升高,显示出对干旱环境的强适应能力,净光合速率日变化曲线为双峰型,具有光合“午休”现象;大量供水（184.5 mm和246 mm）下,叶片气体交换能力增强,但净光合速率和水分利用率较小,净光合速率日变化曲线为单峰型,光合“午休”现象消失。根据Farquhar和Sharkey的观点,相对于对照处理,可以判定少量供水条件下影响差不嘎蒿净光合速率的因素以气孔因素为主,而充分供水条件下则以非气孔因素为主。     

杭州主城区O3与前体物浓度变化特征

利用2004～2006年杭州主城区环境空气监测资料,研究了O_3、NO_2和CO浓度的分布特征和时间变化规律,结果表明,杭州主城区3年的O_3、NO_2、CO的年均浓度都不大,分别为40、60、1400μg·m~(-3).四季中O_3、NO_2和CO浓度相差较大,O_3是夏季高冬季低,NO_2和CO则是秋季较高,夏季较低.O_3、NO_2和CO浓度日变化也很明显,其中O_3是单峰形态,NO_2和CO为双峰形态.不同天气条件下O_3与烃类的关系研究表明,晴天时烃类浓度减少,O_3浓度明显增加;阴天时O_3浓度较低,烃类浓度较高,它们的变化不大.白天和夜晚不同风速时O_3、C_2-C_(12)的浓度变化不同,白天风速增大时C_2-C_(12)浓度减小,O_3浓度增加;晚上无此变化.     

农业气象条件对阴山北部马铃薯生长发育的影响

农业气象条件对马铃薯的生长发育有着重要影响。作者对阴山北部马铃薯生长发育阶段中的农业气象条件进行了深入分析,就高产栽培和品种选择提出了谏见。     

下庄矿区铀成矿条件及找矿新思路

下庄矿区是下庄铀矿田内的老勘探区,前人在该区的主构造带——下庄断裂带深部取得了较好的找矿成果。近年来,对该区进行地表工作及深部钻探研究,有了新的发现:(1)下庄断裂带下盘存在一组与该带走向大致平行,倾向相反,缓倾斜的断裂构造,并且在其中见到新的铀矿化类型和较好的工业矿体;(2)在下庄河沉积覆盖区域找到了隐伏的辉绿岩及硅化断裂构造,为寻找隐伏的"交点型"铀矿提供了依据;(3)在山下村后山402号带、404号带和406号带等深部发现了新的富铀矿体。这些新的发现表明,今后该区的铀矿勘查工作应充分重视平缓的断裂构造组、隐伏辉绿岩以及深部"交点",它们与铀矿富矿体存在密切关系。这也为下庄矿田南部新一轮铀矿勘查工作开辟了新的思路。     

会泽县娜姑镇银厂铅锌矿成矿条件及找矿方向研究

会泽娜姑镇银厂铅锌矿床是赋存于下寒武统筇竹寺组地层中的裂隙脉状铅锌矿床。本文从地层、岩相古地理、地质构造、岩浆作用等方面分析了该矿床的成矿条件,指出了该区具有在下寒武统筇竹寺组地层中寻找构造控制的沉积—改造—后成矿床的找矿方向,对该区铅锌矿找矿有指导意义。     

西山煤田古交矿区陷落柱特征及其导水性分析

在分析区域地质特征的基础上,对西山煤田古交矿区陷落柱的数量、形态特征及分布规律进行了总结。从陷落柱的发育特征出发,对其导水条件进行了研究,认为本区岩溶陷落柱是否突水,关键取决于其是否有导水的力学薄弱通道。研究表明,本区岩溶陷落柱柱体胶结致密,后期活化程度弱,距煤层较近的峰峰组含水层的富水性弱,而煤层与上马家沟组强含水层之间隔水层厚度大,因而,在正常块段开采中,岩溶陷落柱作为集中导水通道导致重大突水的可能性较小。     

芒果嫁接成活气象条件及生产管理措施

利用芒果嫁接成活率多年分期物候观测以及同期的气象观测实况资料进行统计分析。结果表明,芒果嫁接成活率与嫁接后的接口愈合期气温成显著正相关,与光照、降水量、空气相对湿度相关不明显。建立了芒果嫁接成活率与嫁接后6天平均气温、最高气温回归方程,影响芒果嫁接成活的主要气象要素是日均温。个例分析表明芒果嫁接成活关键期即嫁接穗生理脆弱的接口愈合期,气温偏低或异常高温天气对芒果嫁接成活不利影响极大。讨论了依气象条件提高嫁接成活率注意事项,提出了相应的生产管理措施。     

A new parabolic variational inequality formulation of Signorini's condition for non‐steady seepage problems with complex seepage control systems

By extending Darcy's law to the dry domain above the free surface and specifying the boundary condition on the potential seepage surfaces as Signorini's type, a partial differential equation (PDE) defined in the entire domain of interest is formulated for non‐steady seepage flow problems with free surfaces. A new parabolic variational inequality (PVI) formulation equivalent to the PDE formulation is then proposed, in which the flux part of the complementary condition of Signorini's type in the PDE formulation is transformed into natural boundary condition. Consequently, the singularity at the seepage points is eliminated and the difficulty in selecting the trial functions is significantly reduced. By introducing an adaptive penalized Heaviside function in the finite element analysis, the numerical stability of the discrete PVI formulation is well guaranteed. The proposed approach is validated by the existing laboratory tests with sudden rise and dropdown of water heads, and then applied to capture the non‐steady seepage flow behaviors in a homogeneous rectangular dam with five drainage tunnels during a linear dropdown of upstream water head. The non‐steady seepage flow in the surrounding rocks of the underground powerhouse in the Shuibuya Hydropower Project is further modeled, in which a complex seepage control system is involved. Comparisons with the in situ monitoring data show that the calculation results well illustrate the non‐steady seepage flow process during impounding and the operation of the reservoir as well as the seepage control effects of the drainage hole arrays and drainage tunnels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A study on one‐dimensional consolidation of layered structured soils

The governing equations for one‐dimensional consolidation of layered structured soils under time‐dependent loading are established. Using simplified k‐σ′ and m_v‐σ′ models, n‐layered structured soils are transformed into (n + 1) or (n + 2)‐layered soils in which the thickness of upper and lower layers are gradually changing. The approximate solutions for the governing equations are then obtained under two types of boundary conditions, and the computer program is developed. Based on the solutions and computer program, the consolidation behavior of layered structured soils with soft interlayer is studied. It is shown that the permeability and compressibility of the soft interlayer have the greatest influences on the rate of settlement and rate of the dissipation of excess pore water pressure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

下边界条件为水位流量关系的扩散波洪水演算方法研究

经大量的理论分析和实际洪水演算表明,扩散波可较好地反映洪水波的运动特点。本文基于河道下断面的水位流量关系和连续方程的联立求解,导出了水位流量关系型的下边界条件。利用Laplace变换,得到了扩散波方程在该边界条件下的解析解。文中的求解过程表明,可利用该法进行洪水演算,关键在于如何与实际洪水结合,这个问题有待进一步地分析研究。