岩溶洞穴调查的技术规范体系初探

岩溶洞穴调查技术规范目前在我国尚属空白,本文以我国岩溶洞穴调查现状为基础,论述构建规范体系的必要性和意义,强调了制订的原则和思路,借鉴其它地学领域技术标准体系的建设经验,以规范体系层次分类为基础,尝试性提出了岩溶洞穴调查技术规范体系的基本框架结构,分析了规范体系建设中的关键节点,阐述了岩溶洞穴基础测量规范和数据库建设规范是近期体系建设的核心和重点,指出技术规范体系是制订针对岩溶洞穴调查各项工作内容具体性规范的基础,这对岩溶洞穴学科科研水平的提高和实现更高的社会经济价值有着重要的意义。      

消能支撑-方钢管混凝土框架结构抗震性能的试验研究

本文设计了一榀消能支撑框架,方钢管混凝土通过不同频率、不同位移幅值下的水平低周反复荷载试验,验证了消能支撑框架优异的消能能力,提出了相关连接构造的设计建议,为中高层钢结构住宅提供了一种新的抗震设计思路。     

Seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete frames using buckling‐restrained braces with bearing block load transfer mechanism

A new method of retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) frames with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) to improve frame strength, stiffness and energy dissipation is proposed. Instead of typical post‐installed anchors, load is transferred between the BRB and RC frame through compression bearing between an installed steel frame connected to the BRB, and high‐strength mortar blocks constructed at the four corners of the RC frame. This avoids complex on‐site anchor installation, and does not limit the allowable brace force by the anchor strength. Cyclic displacements of increasing amplitudes were imposed on two RC frame specimens retrofitted with different BRB strength capacities. In one of the frames, the bearing blocks were reinforced with wire mesh to mitigate cracking. A third RC frame was also tested as a benchmark to evaluate the retrofit strength and stiffness enhancements. Test results indicate that the proposed method efficiently transferred loads between the BRBs and RC frames, increasing the frame lateral strength while achieving good ductility and energy‐dissipating capacity. When the bearing block was reinforced with wire mesh, the maximum frame lateral strength and stiffness were more than 2.2 and 3.5 times the RC frame without the BRB respectively. The BRB imposes additional shear demands through the bearing blocks to both ends of the RC beam and column member discontinuity regions (D‐regions). The softened strut‐and‐tie model satisfactorily estimated the shear capacities of the D‐regions. A simplified calculation and a detailed PISA3D analysis were shown to effectively predict member demands to within 13.8% difference of the measured test results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自复位平面钢框架推覆分析

运用ABAQUS有限元软件对一榀四层两跨平面钢框架进行静力弹塑性分析,分别计算钢材强度为Q345、Q420和Q460三榀自复位钢框架,探讨自复位平面钢框架的抗震性能,并着重讨论钢材强度对自复位性能的影响。结果表明,钢材强度的提高对减小结构塑性、残余侧移有较明显的作用,但未彻底避免柱底塑性的产生。对相对内转角和摩擦耗能也有一定影响,但是对钢绞线预应力影响不大。     

Loss estimation for non‐ductile reinforced concrete building in Victoria,British Columbia,Canada: effects of mega‐thrust Mw9‐class subduction earthquakes and aftershocks

This paper presents, within the performance‐based earthquake engineering framework, a comprehensive probabilistic seismic loss estimation method that accounts for main sources of uncertainty related to hazard, vulnerability, and loss. The loss assessment rigorously integrates multiple engineering demand parameters (maximum and residual inter‐story drift ratio and peak floor acceleration) with consideration of mainshock–aftershock sequences. A 4‐story non‐ductile reinforced concrete building located in Victoria, British Colombia, Canada, is considered as a case study. For 100 mainshock and mainshock–aftershock earthquake records, incremental dynamic analysis is performed, and the three engineering demand parameters are fitted with a probability distribution and corresponding dependence computed. Finally, with consideration of different demolition limit states, loss assessment is performed. From the results, it can be shown that when seismic vulnerability models are integrated with seismic hazard, the aftershock effects are relatively minor in terms of overall seismic loss (1–4% increase). Moreover, demolition limit state parameters, uncertainties of collapse fragility, and non‐collapse seismic demand prediction models have showed significant contribution to the loss assessment. The seismic loss curves for the reference case and for cases with the varied parameters can differ by as large as about 150%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

再生轻质砌块填充墙再生混凝土框架抗震性能的试验研究

本文通过对1 ： 2比例模型的普通混凝土框架和两榀再生骨料掺量为50%的再生混凝土框架（其中一榀再生混凝土框架用再生轻质砌块作填充墙）,在恒定的竖向轴压荷载和水平低周反复荷载作用下进行了抗震性能的对比试验,研究了再生混凝土框架和再生砌块填充墙再生混凝土框架在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏机制、承载力、滞回特性、延性、强度退化、刚度退化和耗能等问题,并和普通混凝土框架进行对比分析,为再生轻质砌块和再生混凝土结构的深入分析研究和实际应用提供了理论基础。     

在大震下 RC框架结构基于Pushover方法的失效相关性分析

目前,基于性能的建筑结构抗震设计成为世界各国土木工程界研究的热点之一.结构体系可靠度理论是进行结构性能分析的重要的理论基础.在结构体系可靠度的计算中,一个急待解决的问题是结构构件或截面间的失效相关性问题.本文基于pushover方法,采用Monte Carlo法和随机有限元法,在小震研究成果的基础上,进一步研究了钢筋混凝土框架结构在大震情况下的失效相关性问题,分别得出了框架梁、柱在大震作用下的部分失效相关性规律.     

Absolute Sea Level Surface Modeling for the Mediterranean from Satellite Altimeter and Tide Gauge Measurements

Changes in the height of the ocean can be described through the relative and absolute sea level changes depending on the geodetic reference the sea level records are related to. Satellite altimetry provides absolute sea level (ASL) measurements related to the global geodetic reference, whereas tide gauges provide relative sea level (RSL) measurements related to the adjacent land. This study aims at computing the ASL surfaces for different time epochs from combined satellite altimeter and tide gauge records. A method of sea level data fusion is proposed to enable modeling of the impact of present and future sea level changes on the coast. Sea surface modeling was investigated for ten different gridding methods commonly used for the interpolation of altimeter data over the open ocean and extrapolation over the coastal zones. The performance of gridding methods was assessed based on the comparison of the gridded altimeter data and corrected tide gauge measurements. Finally, the sea level surfaces related to the GRS80 global reference ellipsoid were computed for the Mediterranean Sea over the altimeter period. In addition, the current sea level trends were estimated from both sea level measurements.     

钢框架结构的地震损伤研究

基于预定损伤法对钢框架构件主要设计参数进行损伤敏感度分析,研究主要设计参数与钢框架结构梁、柱损伤的关系;揭示钢框架结构梁、柱的损伤及梁、柱线刚度比、结构高宽比、柱轴压比、锈蚀率对楼层损伤的影响规律;获得楼层的损伤与整体结构损伤的关系,最终建立钢框架结构的损伤演化模型。研究成果可为建立地震激励下钢框架结构的损伤模型提供理论基础和数据支持。     

顾及时变的参考框架转换研究

在传统的大地坐标参考框架转换中,参考点都被固定在同一个历元。由于各种地球动力学现象的存在,以大地测量为目的的静态参考系统已不存在,同时随着高精度参考框架的连续观测和测定,参考框架的转化必须顾及时变性。本文讨论了时变参考框架转换中2个互逆的过程,采纳了相似转换中参考点之间的内在约束来克服转换中人为的公式简化和秩亏问题。通过数值计算分析,该方法成功实现了坐标框架之间的转换,并保持了尺度、旋转和平移参数及其变化率精度的独立性。