边（滑）坡治理中h型组合抗滑桩的分析方法及工程应用

h型组合抗滑桩是用横梁连接前后两排桩外形似h型的可抵抗大滑坡推力的支挡结构,分析了h型桩支挡边（滑）坡的作用机理,根据其受力特征,可以滑面为界将其分为上下两个部分计算分析,通过室内试验研究和理论分析,提出可按在滑坡推力作用下的横向弹性地基约束的平面刚架模型分析上半部分（受荷段）结构内力,其间考虑了桩排间的坡体压力作用,在此基础上可对下半部分（锚固段）直接按弹性地基梁理论计算,按所提出的方法设计计算的h型桩成功用于四川广巴高速公路一大型堆积体路堑边坡工程中,取得了良好的实际效果。     

洪水灾害风险管理广义熵智能分析的理论框架

基于洪水灾害风险管理的背景分析,提出用广义分布函数及其广义熵理论统一描述、物理解析洪水灾害风险管理系统的各种不确定性信息。基于洪水灾害风险形成机制和风险管理理论与水利科学、信息科学、智能科学综合集成途径,提出由洪水灾害孕灾环境和致灾因子危险性广义熵智能分析、承灾体易损性广义熵智能分析、承灾体灾情广义熵智能分析和风险决策广义熵智能分析组成的洪水灾害风险管理广义熵智能分析的初步理论框架及其主要研究内容,在其它灾害风险管理中具有一定的参考应用价值。     

Collapse simulation of a four‐story steel moment frame by a distributed online hybrid test

The collapse of a one‐bay, four‐story steel moment frame is simulated in this study by the proposed peer‐to‐peer (P2P) Internet online hybrid test system. The typical beam hinging mechanism, which is ensured by a strong‐column, weak‐beam design, is reproduced. The plastic hinges at the column bases are taken as the experimental portions, while the superstructure is analyzed numerically by a general‐purpose finite element program. The implicit plastic rotations of the two column bases are treated as boundary displacements. In order to account for the complex behavior of the column bases, the P2P system is modified to use the secant stiffness during iterations, and the physical specimens are designed such that the plastic hinge behavior can be obtained. For this study, the three substructures are distributed to different locations. A large ground motion is repeatedly imposed until the column bases lose their capacity to sustain the gravity load. As a result, significant deterioration is observed at both column bases. The proposed P2P system is thus demonstrated to be able to accommodate multiple‐tested substructures involving unstable behavior. The results suggest that the P2P Internet online hybrid test system provides a reliable means of studying structures up to collapse. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震作用下框架结构的优化设计

针对第三水准"大震不倒"的抗震设防目标,提出一种在强震作用下框架结构的优化设计方法.依据"用相同的投资获最好的设计"的设计理念,以在强烈地震波的作用下框架结构最大的层间相对位移最小化作为优化目标,建立了同时满足体积约束的优化数学模型.采用动力有限元分析模型和高效的显式动力分析方法进行结构分析,获得最大的层问相对位移;采用改进的复形法求解优化数学模型;在显式动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA的基础上进行二次开发,实现了一个三维框架结构的抗震优化设计.数值结果表明该设计方法不一定获得抗震结构的最优设计,但能获得一系列抗震性能良好的设计,具有现实的工程意义.     

足尺钢框架振动台试验及动力弹塑性数值模拟

本文通过有限元分析程序OpenSees对一足尺四层钢框架结构进行静力及动力弹塑性分析,结构构件采用自由度较少的纤维模型模拟。在振动台试验之前,预测足尺钢框架结构连续在小震、中震及大震作用下的响应,将预测分析结果与振动台试验结果进行对比,结果显示该数值模拟方法能很好地反映结构的弹塑性行为及破坏机制,准确预测结构的地震响应及大震下结构倒塌时间。这进一步说明基于纤维模型的整体结构弹塑性分析方法,由于自由度数少,适用于整体结构抗震分析。     

利用高精度复测GPS网进行中国大陆区域地壳运动特征分析

本文利用高精度复测GPS网,用多面函数拟合的方法计算出中国大陆地壳运动速度场模型,得到了有实用价值的中国地壳平面运动整体速度场图像和垂直速率等值线图像,同时计算出ITRF97参考框架下中国大陆地壳运动的区域背景场,该局域背景场与NNR-NUVELlA、Sillard、Larson 等全球板块运动模型所提供的欧亚板块的欧拉极方向和旋转速率在量级和大趋势上是一致的.据此对全球框架下的中国大陆区域地壳运动特征进行分析.     

Rapid report of seismic damage to buildings in the 2022 M 6.8 Luding earthquake,China

The report summarizes the observed damage to a variety of buildings near the epicenter of the M6.8 Luding earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. They include base-isolated buildings, multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, and masonry buildings. The near-field region is known to be tectonically highly active, and the local intensity level is the highest, that is, 0.4g peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the design basis earthquake, in the Chinese zonation of seismic ground motion parameters. The extent of damage ranged from the weak-story collapse that claimed lives to the extensive nonstructural damage that suspended occupancy. The report highlights the first observation of the destruction of rubber bearings and viscous dampers in the isolation layer of Chinese seismically isolated buildings. It also features the rare observation of the brittle shear failure of RC columns in moment-resisting frames in a region of such a high seismic design requirement. Possible reasons that may have attributed to the reported damage are suggested by providing facts observed in the field. However, careful forensic analyses are needed before any conclusive judgment can be made.     

Cyclic Displacement Model for Reinforced Concrete Columns

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures in low to moderate seismic regions and many older RC structures in high seismic regions include columns with steel reinforcement details not meeting the requirements of modern seismic design codes. These columns typically fail in shear or in a brittle manner and their behavior must be accurately captured when RC structures are modeled and analyzed. The total lateral displacement of a low ductility or shear critical RC column can be represented as the sum of three displacement components: (1) flexural displacement, (2) displacement due to slippage of the reinforcing bars at column ends, and (3) shear displacement. In this study, these three displacement components are separately modeled and then combined together following a proposed procedure based on the expected overall behavior of the column and its failure mechanism. A simplified slip model is proposed. The main objective of this research is to develop an easy-to-apply method to model and capture the cyclic behavior of RC columns considering the shear failure mechanism. The proposed model is validated using the available data from RC column and frame experiments.     

Estimation of seismic drift demands for frame structures

A process is outlined and evaluated for the estimation of seismic roof and storey drift demands for frame structures from the spectral displacement demand at the first mode period of the structure. The spectral displacement demand is related to the roof drift demand for the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) structure using three modification factors, accounting for MDOF effects, inelasticity effects, and P‐delta effects. Median values and measures of dispersion for the factors are obtained from elastic and inelastic time history analyses of nine steel moment resisting frame structures subjected to sets of ground motions representative of different hazard levels. The roof drift demand is related to the storey drift demands, with the results being strongly dependent on the number of stories and the ground motion characteristics. The relationships proposed in this paper should prove useful in the conceptual design phase, in estimating deformation demands for performance assessment, and in improving basic understanding of seismic behaviour. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环境管理信息网络系统概念框架

本文借鉴国内外环境管理信息系统(EMIS)研究经验,结合网络通信技术,建立了环境管理信息网络系统(EMINS)概念框架,它由分布式的若干环保企业网通过Internet连接而成,每个环保企业网由信息系统、应用系统、网络系统三部分组成。对此,提出了从两条交错发展的主线分级实现EMINS的设想: 一是水平方向上网络范围的扩展;二是纵深方向上应用功能的发展。两条主线交错发展,最终可实现 Internet环境下开放式环境智能决策支持系统(EIDDS).