能效渔业状态下津市西湖生态因子与浮游植物密度的灰关联模型{GM(I,N)}

利用灰色系统理论,于2004—2008年5—8月份对能效渔业状态下津市西湖水质状况进行了实时采样研究,并计算了浮游植物密度与透明度、水温、水深、溶解氧、pH、NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P、TP、TN、NH4-N/PO4-P、TN/TP和浮游动物共14个生态因子的关联度、关联序。结果表明,透明度、水温、水深、溶解氧、pH和浮游动物(毛里湖)或TN(西湖)是影响浮游植物增殖态势的最重要的环境变量。提取如上变量和浮游植物密度作为建模要素,构建了津市西湖生态因子与浮游植物密度的灰关联模型{GM(I,N)},经作图分析表明,模型值和实测值具有较好的对应峰,表明模型的有效性及在预测上有较高的参考价值。P元素在西湖的营养限制性基本得到消除,水体N/P比被调控到了较好状态。     

北部湾地形、底质特征与渔场分布的关系

北部湾作为南海北部重要水域.属于热带和亚热带半封闭海湾.湾内地形地貌以及底质特征复杂。鱼类资源丰富。北部湾渔区的划分与地形地貌、底质特征存在密切联系.为更好的了解渔业生物的生活史、空间配布以及北部湾的渔业资源特点本文进行了初步的基础研究。为北部湾的渔业资源开发提供了科学依据。     

基于空间自回归和空间聚类的渔情预报模型

作者针对远洋渔场渔情预报精度偏低的问题,提出一种基于空间自回归和空间聚类的渔情预报模型。该模型利用空间自回归对收集到的渔业历史数据进行预处理,然后通过空间聚类将所有数据样本根据地理位置分划成若干个区域,最后研究每个区域中环境数据与渔获数据之间的数学关系,各自建立栖息地适宜性指数模型(Habitat Suitability Index,HSI),并以印度洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)为例进行验证。结果表明,本模型的均方差为0.1742,与传统线性回归方法的均方差0.2363相比,能更好地表达海洋环境数据与渔获量之间的关系,预测精度显著提高。     

东海中南部秋季游泳动物多样性及群落结构

根据2018年11月东海中南部游泳动物底拖网调查数据,对该海域游泳动物种类组成、优势种、种类多样性及群落结构进行研究。结果表明,调查共捕获游泳动物181种,其中鱼类133种,甲壳类34种,头足类14种;优势种（IRI≥500）为七星底灯鱼（Benthosema pterotum）、带鱼（Trichiurus lepturus）、麦氏犀鳕（Bregmaceros mcclellandi）、龙头鱼（Harpadon nehereus）和日本发光鲷（Acropoma japonicum）。多样性指数结果显示,东海中南部海域丰度（d）的变化范围为0.37～5.94,种类多样性指数（H′）的变化范围为0.38～2.64,均匀度（J）的变化范围为0.14～0.71。根据聚类分析结果将东海中南部海域游泳动物群落分为以90 m等深线为界的两个群组,群组间的差异主要由七星底灯鱼、镰鲳（Pampus echinogaster）、龙头鱼、黄鲫（Setipinna tenuifilis）、麦氏犀鳕等引起。BIOENV结果显示水深与游泳动物群落结构相关性最密切（r_w=0.55）。本研究结果可为类似海域游泳动物种类多样性和群落结构的研究提供参考,也可为研究海域渔业资源开发、利用与养护等政策的制定提供科学依据。     

东海区小黄鱼渔业生物学现状的分析

以2001年东海区渔业资源监测调查资料为依据，对小黄鱼的体长、体重、生长、死亡等渔业生物学特征及临界年龄等进行了分析研究。结果表明，目前东海区小黄鱼优势体长组为110～130mm，占41．34％；优势体重组为20～40g，占50．91％；总死亡系数为2．05，自然死亡系数为0．58，捕捞死亡系数为1．47，临界年龄为2．18龄。对照东海区小黄鱼生物学特征的历史状况分析，目前东海区小黄鱼个体小型化、低龄化、性成熟提早现象明显，生物学参数发生较大变化。建议在东海区现行资源状态下，小黄鱼的可捕标准应充分考虑其生物学现状加以科学调整。     

Population abundance and seasonal migration patterns indicated by commercial catch-per-unit-effort of hakes (Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus) in the northern Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem

We developed generalised additive models (GAMs) to estimate standardised time-series of population abundance indices for assessment purposes and to infer ecological and behavioural information on northern Benguela hakes, Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus, using haul-by-haul commercial trawl catch-rate data as proxies for hake densities. The modelling indicated that individual ship identifiers should be used rather than general vessel characteristics, such as vessel size. The final models explained 79% and 68% of the variability in the commercial catch rates of M. capensis and M. paradoxus, respectively. The spatial density patterns were consistent and confirmed existing knowledge about these species in the northern Benguela system. Furthermore, seasonal migration patterns were described for the first time and were found to correspond to the known spawning areas and seasons for M. capensis and M. paradoxus. Spatial density patterns were validated using the geostatistical modelling results of fisheries-independent trawl survey data. Improved understanding of the relationships between fleet dynamics and fish movement can be achieved by taking into consideration the present catch-rate model and spatial and seasonal distribution maps. We conclude that the yearly standardised CPUE time-series are problematic as proxies for total stock abundance because of spatial coverage issues. Consequently, such CPUE data should not be used for stock-size assessments and fisheries advice concerning northern Benguela hakes until this is solved. We generally recommend the exclusion of standardised CPUE time-series from stock assessments when important and changing parts of the stock distribution cannot be targeted by the fishery, such as due to closed areas or seasons.     

江苏沿海地区海洋渔业发展差异与对策

江苏是海洋大省,但并非海洋强省,2005年海洋渔业在全国处于第6位,为浙江和山东的1/3和1/5。江苏具有发展海洋渔业的有利条件,丰富的水产资源和滩涂资源适合发展海洋渔业,发达的地区经济为渔业发展提供了技术支撑。从省内区域差异来看,渔业过分集中于如东、启东等少数县市,多数县市产业优势未能充分发挥。应该大力发展海水增养业、加强养殖区域生态环境保护,积极发展相关海洋产业。     

渤海主要渔业资源结构的演变分析

通过对现有资料的系统分析,简化了渤海生态系统食物网,并剖析了近50年来渤海主要渔业资源结构的变化特征,这对进一步阐明渤海生态系统动力学的变化特征以及研究渔业资源衰退的原因有重要的科学意义。研究表明,渤海主要鱼类可聚为4类:游泳动物食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和腐屑食性鱼类,在此基础上渤海生态系统食物网可简化为3条食物链:浮游植物→浮游动物→浮游动物食性鱼类→游泳动物食性鱼类(第一条食物链);浮游植物和碎屑→底栖动物→底栖动物食性鱼类和头足类→游泳动物食性鱼类(第二条食物链);碎屑→腐屑食性鱼类(第三条食物链)。20世纪50年代末以来,第一条食物链渔业资源已取代第二条食物链渔业资源成为最主要的渔业资源,第三条食物链渔业资源生物量百分比呈上升趋势,近年来已成为继第一条食物链渔业资源的第二大类渔业资源。渔业捕捞、渤海次级生产力结构的变化以及各渔业资源生物自身生长和繁殖特点的不同是导致渤海主要渔业资源结构变化的重要因素。     

Regional oceans governance mechanisms: A review

The development of regional governance for the protection of the environment, sustainable use of natural resources and conservation of its biodiversity is unquestionably a cornerstone of international environmental law and policy. With regard to marine and coastal issues, it has mainly been taking place through Regional Seas programmes, Regional Fishery Bodies and Large Marine Ecosystems mechanisms. Based on a similar geographical approach, however, these regional mechanisms raise concerns relating to their coordination and efficiency, and possibly overlap in what they aim to achieve. This paper provides a review of existing regional oceans governance mechanisms, assessing their individual and collective capacities to move towards ecosystem-based management, and highlighting options to make the regional landscape more coherent and effective.     

Notions of justice held by stakeholders of the Newfoundland fishery

Justice is an important and contested issue in the governance of fish stocks threatened by overexploitation. This study identifies the notions of justice held by stakeholders of the fishery in Newfoundland, Canada, using qualitative interviews, and interprets these notions in light of established justice theories. The interviews are analysed using inductive and deductive coding. A central result is that inshore fishers are seen as the main claim holders, with a claim to participate and be listened to, and the opportunity to make a living from the fishery. Moreover, rules play an important role in the justice notions of the interview partners, and their justice notions are clearly plural. The stakeholder notions of justice in the Newfoundland fishery resonate with the emphasis on recognition, participation and distribution as important aspects of justice within the environmental justice approach [59-61] (Schlosberg 2004, 2007, 2013).