Behavior of large post-liquefaction deformation in saturated Nanjing fine sand

Laboratory tests on the large post-liquefaction deformation of saturated Nanjing fine sand were performed by using a hollow cylinder apparatus. The stress-strain responses and the characteristics of excess pore water pressure after liquefaction were studied. It was found that the relationship between deviatoric stress and axial strain presented a sigmoid curve, and there was a good linearity relationship between normalized pore water pressure and deviatoric stress. On this basis, a constitutive model of stress-strain responses and a dissipation model of excess pore water pressure were established. It was found that the results predicted by the two models were in good agreement with the experimental data. The influence of relative densities and confi ning pressure on the characteristics of liquef ied soil were studied. The results showed the relative densities and initial effective confining pressure all had an important influence on the stress-strain responses of liquefi ed saturated Nanjing fine sand. However, the dissipation model of excess pore water pressure after liquefaction was only affected by the confining pressure.     

长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用及其制约因素研究

简要介绍了人海河口细颗粒泥沙的絮凝机理;以长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用的研究为例,概述了影响河口细颗粒泥沙絮凝的若干因子;着重介绍了长江口水体生物地球化学过程对于细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用影响的研究进展。在此基础上,结合国内外相关研究的最新进展以及河口工程与环境中的泥沙问题,提出未来工作设想。     

毛乌素沙地臭柏与油蒿群落细根生物量的季节动态及其空间变化

 为了探讨沙地生态系统植物根系生物量的季节动态及其空间变化,采用根钻法,从2005年4月至2005年10月对毛乌素沙地天然臭柏、油蒿群落0—90 cm土层中细根（D≤2 mm, D为直径）生物量动态进行了测定,臭柏细根总生物量为13.87~18.22 t·hm-2,细根平均生物量占总根量的60.10%;油蒿的细根总生物量为1.173~1.389 t·hm-2,细根平均生物量占总根量的73.04%。臭柏细根平均生物量为油蒿的12.50倍（P＜0.05）。臭柏、油蒿群落细根生物量动态呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在4月、8月和6月、10月。两者的活细根生物量大致呈上升趋势,死根生物量则相反。臭柏、油蒿群落细根生物量的垂直分布随土层加深,生物量明显减少,细根在不同层次上的动态变化与总细根量的季节变化有所不同。臭柏细根生物量从坡顶到坡底分别为16.8067 t·hm-2、16.1656 t·hm-2、10.9834 t·hm-2,呈下降趋势,其细根生物量比率从坡顶、坡中到坡底依次增大;油蒿细根生物量最高值出现在坡顶,坡中与坡底变化不明显,其细根生物量比率随坡位变化并不明显。     

三厘米波段太阳射电爆发中的短时标精细结构

在1989年3月至1990年4月间,我们对太阳射电辐射进行快速采样观测.发现三厘米波段射电爆发亦具有快速精细结构,时标尺度在0.1至2秒间。     

PVC-U携砾过滤器滤料厚度与阻砂性的相关关系试验研究

针对第四系覆盖层、粉细砂地层成井中存在的问题,结合携砾过滤器的研制,试验并探讨了滤料层厚度与阻砂性的相关关系,初步得出了不同规格滤料理论最小阻砂厚度值。     

粉细砂层中锚索施工涌水涌砂的处理技术

广州市良业大厦基坑支护工程存在较厚的淤泥质粉细砂层,预应力锚索锚点位置处于粉细砂层中时,锚索施工易发生涌水涌砂现象而引发基坑事故。施工过程中通过采取跟管钻进干钻成孔、墙后孔口设置止浆袋及墙后注浆的处理措施,减少了锚索施工过程中涌水涌砂现象的发生,避免了因涌水涌砂水土流失造成基坑外地面下沉而引发的基坑事故。     

荆江大堤下伏饱和粉细砂动力特性试验研究

针对荆江大堤江陵段下伏地层广泛分布的饱和粉细砂,参照原位试验成果重塑粉细砂试样,按估算的固结应力比(Kc约为1.6)对试样动剪模量、阻尼比及总应力动强度进行测试,结果表明:(1)试样应力-应变骨干曲线与Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型假设高度吻合,Hardin公式可很好地拟合动模量/阻尼比与动应变的关系。在研究试样密实度范围内,最大动模量随围压和密实度的增加而增加,但围压对动模量的敏感性更高,且相同围压下动剪模量比与动应变关系曲线近乎重合。围压增大或密实度升高均会引起阻尼比的降低,1%应变对应的阻尼比分布在0.15~0.21之间;(2)偏压状态下以累积轴向应变5%作为液化判别标准进行抗液化强度试验,随特征振次及测试围压的增大,液化动剪应力比相应减小,试样振动孔压比最高仅能达到0.8~0.9;(3)由总应力法求取的动内摩擦角与黏聚力均随设定特征振次的增加而下降,且内聚力并非约等于0,表明动力作用下该试样具有一定的黏滞性。     

Trapping of fine sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia

Airai Bay, Palau, is a small (3 km²), semi-enclosed, mangrove-fringed, meso-tidal, coral lagoon on the southeast coast of Palau. It drains a small catchment area (26 km²) of highly erodible soils in an area with high annual rainfall (3.7 m). River floods are short-lived and the sediment load is very large, with suspended fine sediment concentration exceeding 1500 mg l⁻¹. The resulting river plume is about 2 m thick. The brackish water residence time is about 7 days; during this period the plume remains a distinct surface feature even after river runoff has ceased. About 98% of the riverine fine sediment settles in Airai Bay, of which about 15–30% is deposited in the mangroves during river floods. This mud remains trapped in Airai Bay because the bay is protected from ocean swells and the tidal currents and locally generated wind waves are too small to resuspend the mud in quantity. The mud is smothering coral reefs, creating a phase shift from coral to fleshy algae dominance, and is even changing habitats by creating mud banks. The persistence of Airai Bay marine resources may not be possible without improved soil erosion control in the river catchment.     

顾及Gestalt认知效应的线性岛屿模式识别

从岛屿分布的邻近性、延展性、紧凑性、直线性等特征出发,提出了线性岛屿结构识别的新方法。首先,以Delaunay三角网为空间分析工具,计算岛屿群空间邻近关系,生成空间邻近图;然后,在空间邻近图的基础上生成MST图;最后,利用Gestalt原则对线性阵列结构的识别效应,在MST上通过3次剪枝导出线性岛屿结构。实验结果表明,该方法能够识别出具有明显线性岛屿结构的目标集,与肉眼视觉识别基本一致。     

基于道路数据点云的公路平面线形恢复方法

利用机载激光扫描数据的离散道路带状数据点云恢复公路平面线形,其效果的优劣很大程度上取决于公路中轴点列的获取。采用定步长径向搜索方法,算法简单快速,运算效率高;采用三次B样条曲线拟合及线形恢复能满足公路改(扩)建的要求。实验表明,基于道路数据点云的公路平面线形恢复方法研究,为机载激光扫描技术在公路中的应用提供一种可供借鉴的方法。