毛乌素沙地臭柏、油蒿细根分解过程中养分与能量的变化

应用埋袋法对毛乌素沙地天然分布的优势种臭柏、油蒿细根分解进行研究。对两年的实验数据进行分析,结果显示,臭柏、油蒿细根分解过程中C、P、K、Mg均表现为释放,释放率油蒿＞臭柏,元素重量损失率K＞P＞C＞Mg;N在臭柏分解中表现为积累,在油蒿分解中表现为释放;Ca在臭柏、油蒿细根分解中都表现为积累的趋势,积累率为油蒿＞臭柏;能量在臭柏、油蒿细根分解过程中表现为释放。该研究为沙区土壤库中的能量转化和流动过程提供了理论依据。     

Effect of Initial Stress Conditions on the Threshold Shear Strain of Nanjing’s Saturated Fine Sand

By using GDS dynamic hollow cylinder torsional apparatus, a series of cyclic torsional triaxial tests under complex initial consolidation condition are performed on Nanjing saturated fine sand. The effects of the initial principal stress direction α0, the initial ratio of deviatoric stress η0, the initial average effective principal stress p0 and the initial intermediate principal stress parameter b0 on the threshold shear strain y, of Nanjing saturated fine sand are then systematically investigated. The results show that y, increases as η0, P0 and b0 increase respectively, while the other three parameters remain constant. α0 has a great influence on y,, which is reduced when α0 increases from 0° to 45° and increased when α0 increases from 45° to 90°. The effect of α0 on γt plays a leading role and the effect of η0 will weaken when α0 is approximately 45°.     

黄河三角洲粉质土海床临界起动切应力影响因素研究

在黄河口潮滩和室内环形土槽模拟新沉积的海床土体,观测固结过程中沉积物临界起动切应力的变化及对应的土体重度、含水率、贯入阻力、剪切强度指标值的变化,分析黄河三角洲粉质类土临界起动切应力的影响因素与变化规律。研究发现：黄河三角洲粉土的临界起动切应力与重度、贯入阻力和抗剪强度之间呈正相关关系,而与含水率呈负相关关系,并且与干密度、抗剪强度之间具有非常好的定量关系。将黄河三角洲粉土临界侵蚀切应力的试验结果与其他学者建立的计算公式进行了比较,发现在固结开始试验与计算结果间的吻合性较好,随着固结时间差异性变大,表现出黄河口粉质土的独特性。     

淄博市大气降尘矿物微形貌及其来源判识

用场发射扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪和X射线衍射仪,对淄博市中心城区大气降尘的矿物组成、微形貌和微区成分进行了分析.结果表明,淄博市大气降尘的矿物组成有石英、长石、石膏、方解石、赤铁矿、白云母、伊利石和非晶质等.矿物微形貌特点和矿物组成揭示了降尘组分主要来源于3种途径:与高温过程有关的工业活动排放的产物,自然成因和大气化学反应的产物.球形赤铁矿、板状方解石和絮状石膏是本研究中观察到的3种典型矿物微形貌.     

上海磁悬浮列车轨道梁精调技术

磁悬浮列车是上海从德国引进的高科技项目,其中安装定位测量中最重要的是轨道梁精调测量.结合在上海参与的Ⅱ、Ⅲ标段部分轨道梁精调测量工作,介绍轨道梁精调测量的作业过程和技术要求.     

Frost heave control of fine round gravel fillings in deep seasonal frozen regions

Fine round gravel soil is widely employed in the subgrade of high speed railways in cold regions to prevent frost heaving and thawing. The lower the fines content in fine round gravel soil, the smaller the quantities of frost heaving and thawing, but compaction difficulty increases. This study is to obtain the optimum fines content and limited frost heaving and thawing. The fine round gravel soil filling (FRGSF) used in the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line is taken as the study object. Influence of fines content on optimum water content, maximum dry density and frost heaving properties of FRGSF were studied by means of compaction and frost heaving tests. Results show that the maximum dry density of the FRGSF increases first and then decreases with an increase of fines content, namely there is an optimum fines content for easy compaction. The method of surface-vibratory instrument is fit for coarse-grained soils, and wet state of coarse-grained soil is in favor of compaction. Considering the relationship of fines content with maximum dry density and the frost heaving ratio of FRGSF, the fines content should be limited to within the range of 9%-10%, so that the frost heaving ratio is less than 1%, and the FRGSF is easily compacted. Water supply is proved to be an important factor influencing the amount of frost heaving of FRGSF. We also conclude that in the field, it is imperative to control waterproofing and drainage measures.     

新丰江库区上地壳三维细结构层析成像

在新丰江库区布设一个范围约50 km×40 km、由50个地震临时台站组成的观测台阵,接收来自不同方位的人工震源产生的莫霍界面反射波;台阵中的20个台站和5个区域固定台还对2009年3月至2010年5月发生在库区的地方震进行了观测.本文联合利用人工地震莫霍面反射波走时和天然地震直达波走时,采用连续模型反演技术重建了库区上地壳P波、S波慢度扰动和V_p/V_s扰动分布图像.研究结果表明:新丰江库区东、西部地区上地壳结构存在明显的差异.库区东部地区构造复杂,多条断裂在该区呈交叉状分布.北西向的石角-新港-白田断裂带在库区段内具有复杂的岩性和构造特征,该断裂带在新港至双塘一线可能延伸至地下8 km左右;近北东向的断裂带切割地壳较深.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区存在上、下贯通的波速比高值区,尤其是大坝以西的深水峡谷区,存在一条顺河走向的陡倾角断层裂隙带,为库水渗透提供了良好通道.库区西部地区为相对稳定构造区,完整坚硬的花岗岩体透水性能较差,受库水渗透影响很小.新丰江水库诱发地震的形成与深部构造环境密切相关.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区上地壳介质性质呈现明显的横向不均匀性,微震分布在介质物性结构的特定部位,"软"、"硬"交错的介质环境是倾滑正断层型微小震产生的可能原因.     

微细矿物颗粒表面水化膜研究现状及进展综述

微细矿物颗粒表面水化膜对其在水溶液中的分散与聚团具有重要影响。本文主要介绍了水化膜的形成机理及其对溶液中微细矿物颗粒分散与聚团的影响。并且分析了水化膜厚度及强度测量、水化作用力以及水化膜破解的研究现状。最后展望了水化膜研究在煤泥水微细颗粒聚团沉降方面的应用前景。     

川西北地区微细粒浸染型金矿成矿的区域地质、地球物理、地球化学特征

总结了川西北金三角地区的区域地质和矿床地质特征，研究了区域重力场和金矿发育的关系，详细论述了本区金矿发育的区域地球化学背景、区化异常特征及东北寨金矿的地球化学特征。从地球化学方面进行了成矿预测，指明本区尚有较好的找矿前景，应进一步加强工作。     

南海反气旋涡旋温度细结构特征分析

基于水下滑翔机观测资料,对南海北部一个反气旋涡旋的温度细结构进行了特征分析.温度细结构强度由温度的脉动值确定,并随着尺度的增加呈指数衰减.在垂直方向上,细结构强度随着深度的加深而减弱,细结构特征在海洋表层(0～100m)和表层以下(＞100 m)存在显著区别.表层内,垂向混合和水平混合对细结构强度均有贡献,细结构强度大...