发展中的板块边界:天山-贝加尔活动构造带

亚洲内陆的强地震密集地发生在天山-贝加尔一线,但该处并不存在一条连续的大断裂,学术界对这个问题的认识长期相左。文中分析了这条地震带的时空分布、分区特点、应力状态和活动周期,计算了欧亚大陆的布格重力异常场、均衡重力异常场,反演了上地幔的密度分布和剪切波速分布。发现在这个部位的70~250km的深部有一条北东向的密度、速度陡变带,它是新生代的冷地幔和热地幔的交界带,与浅部构造存在立交关系,对亚洲大陆的现今构造运动和应力场具有重要的控制作用。这个带的地震不同于传统意义上的板缘地震和板内地震,是一种因为深浅构造不同而造成的结构性地震,性质上为大陆内缘地震。文中还就深浅构造的空间立交关系、时间镜像关系进行了讨论,指出在南北地震带和伊朗东侧地震带的立交结构也与上地幔构造有关。天山-贝加尔活动构造带是正在发展中的板块边界,是大陆内部的一个典型构造,北侧为稳定的俄罗斯-西伯利亚次板块,南侧为活动的中国-东南亚次板块。     

软弱围岩隧道取消系统锚杆的现场试验研究

在软弱围岩隧道中,提出初期支护结构由钢架+喷射混凝土+钢筋网+锁脚锚杆+纵向连接筋组成,即取消系统锚杆用钢架联结处的锁脚锚杆代替。以包家山隧道为依托工程,采用现场试验的方法,选取2个试验段,进行锁脚锚杆取代系统锚杆后,有、无拱部锚杆的对比试验研究。对比试验的内容包括：隧道初期支护的净空收敛、围岩压力、钢架应力、喷射混凝土应力、锚杆轴力和纵向连接筋应力等。研究结果表明：2个试验段初期支护变形趋于稳定,结构受力安全,说明取消系统锚杆不影响初期支护结构的安全与稳定;拱部锚杆有受拉,也有受压,但受力都不大,最大拉应力仅为钢材极限强度的11.8%,其支护作用不明显;锁脚锚杆大部分受拉,最大值达到191 MPa,钢架支护作用明显,在支护体系中发挥着重要作用。取消系统锚杆减少了施工工序,降低了工程造价,缩短了工序循环时间,有利于及早封闭围岩以形成完整的支护结构。经济价值和社会效益显著。     

柳伊河水电站大坝右岸坝区研究

In the paper in order to ascertain the condition of the right-bank of the dam at the Vilyui hydroelectric power plant measurements are applied to obtain experimental date such as drilling borehole,hydrolocation and so forth. By finding out the distribution of the temperature field some corresponding measures are taken to improve the stability of the dam during the change of the ground temperature. And finally some conclusions are draw to the study.     

密集交叉井网井眼轨道精确制导技术的应用

本着充分依托原有海上油田设施降本增效原则,渤海Q油田在原有生产平台附近新建井口平台、对原有密集井网成功实施了整体加密调整,作业难度急剧增大。通过老井眼数据再处理、新井轨道设计优化、轨道防碰设计、防碰监测等手段形成密集交叉井网井眼轨道精确制导技术。该技术的成功应用提高了作业时效,有效保障了在老油田密集交叉井网整体加密井眼轨迹的顺利实施、减小了碰撞风险。     

Analysis of geomagnetic field along seismic profile P4 of the International Project POLONAISE'97

This paper presents relative secular variations of the total intensity of the geomagnetic field against a background of results of magnetic anomaly interpretation along seismic profile P4. Profile P4 crosses a Variscan folding zone in the Paleozoic Platform (PLZ), the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), and the Polish part of the East European Craton (EEC). Secular geomagnetic field variations measured in 1966–2000 along a line adjacent to seismic profile P4 were analysed. The study of secular variations, reduced to the base recordings at the Belsk Magnetic Observatory, showed that the growth of geomagnetic field at the East European Craton was slower than in the Trans-European Suture Zone and the Paleozoic Platform.A 2D crustal magnetic model was interpreted as a result of magnetic modelling, in which seismic, geological and geothermal data were also used. The modelling showed that there were significant differences in the magnetic model for geotectonic units, which had been earlier determined based on deep seismic survey data. It should be noted that a fundamental change of trend of the relative secular variations was observed at the slope of the Precambrian Platform. After analysing the geomagnetic field observed along profile P4, the hypothesis that the contact between Phanerozoic and Precambrian Europe lies in Poland's territory can be proven.     

应用Winsurf软件绘制磁场分布等值线图

观测场地磁场梯度测量结果最直观的表述方式就是利用ΔF值绘制出的场地地磁场分布等值线图。Winsurf软件是Golden公司开发的一个三维绘图软件包 ,可以绘制各种等值线图和三维立体图。目前最高版本为 8.0。本文较为详细地介绍了利用这个软件的应用方法、步骤。     

Study on multiple induced polarization parameters in groundwater exploration in Bashang poverty alleviation area of Heibei Province,China

The study examines a water exploration and poverty alleviation project in Guyuan county. The study analyzes correlations between aquifers and multiple induced polarization (IP) parameters, including resistivity, polarizability, deviation, half decay time, water-bearing factors, and Kc, a new parameter refined in this study. Based on the study, the well was placed accurately, and its maximum water inflow reached 30 m³/h. Kc value highlights the rate of change at early stages of IP secondary field. Kc value served as a quick indicator in this groundwater prospecting and is validated in practice. Progress has been made in finding new parameters in exploring water with IP method. Thanks to the project, local people have access to water and poverty alleviation has scored some achievements.     

山东省菏泽凸起地热田岩溶地热水水化学水平演化特征

在前人研究成果的基础上,选择A-A'和B-B'两条路径,采用Piper三线图解、Schoeller图解、Na-K-Mg平衡图解、饱和指数计算评价等方法,研究山东菏泽凸起地热田地热水沿路径上的循环演化特征.结果表明:沿A-A'、B-B'剖面岩溶冷水→岩溶热水,水化学类型由SO4?HCO3-Ca?Mg?Na或SO4?HCO...     

磁偶源2.5维瞬变电磁场全空间FDTD数值模拟

为解决模拟瞬变电磁场在3维介质中传播出现的计算量大、对计算机要求高等问题,使用了3维磁偶极源来模拟2维均匀介质和层状介质中方形和薄板低阻体的全空间响应特征.模拟中使用了时域有限差分法,采用非均匀网格和时间步长,分析了瞬变电磁场在均匀介质和层状介质中的传播规律,以及巷道和交界面对场的影响特征,为解释全空间均匀介质和层状介质TEM异常提供参考.     

贵州都匀大亮锌矿床闪锌矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其指示意义北大核心CSCD

贵州都匀大亮锌矿床是牛角塘铅锌矿田的重要组成部分,目前所开采的对象为近年来在“陡倾斜带”中新发现的矿体,其研究还十分薄弱。本研究采用ICP-MS测试技术,对大亮锌矿闪锌矿进行了稀土元素测试,以揭示该矿床成矿作用。结果表明,10件闪锌矿样品的ΣREE值低,质量分数为(0.15~0.40)×10^(-6)(平均0.24×10^(-6))。样品的LREE/HREE值变化范围为7.07~15.76(平均10.95),(La/Yb)_(N)值范围为4.75~28.57(平均11.54),(La/Sm)_(N)值为2.16~6.01(平均3.49),(Gd/Yb)^(N)值为0.34~3.68(平均1.67)。闪锌矿样品稀土元素呈现轻稀土富集的右倾模式,且轻稀土元素的分异程度远远高于重稀土元素。样品具有显著Eu正异常(δEu为6.60~54.29,平均18.10),无明显的Ce异常(δCe主要为0.93~1.09,平均1.01)。闪锌矿轻稀土富集及显著Eu正异常的特点表明,其稀土元素为矿石初始沉淀时从成矿热液中继承而来,未明显受到后期地质作用的影响。稀土元素特征表明该闪锌矿形成于较低温度和极强还原条件。大亮锌矿闪锌矿Y/Ho比值为11.33~32.17(平均22.71),与区域矿床及地层的对比表明成矿物质主要来自下伏地层,可能有少量来自赋矿围岩。