我国部份地区雷暴活动、大气电场等与太阳活动的关系

本文用时序迭加法统计分析了1976—1985年太阳黑子一个完整周期内太阳活动与雷暴活动及地面大气电场之间的可能相关性。结果表明:高纬度地区有较好的相关性,耀斑爆发以后雷暴指数有明显增大趋势,最大关联日在+5日以后。中、低纬度地区几乎不存在相关性。随着耀斑强度增强,相关性也增大,且影响区域从高纬度向中、低纬度移动。在耀斑爆发后2天左右,地面电场强度增大,其关联日比雷暴指数提前。太阳黑子数和雷暴活动之间的相关性很微弱。本文又从全球电路概念出发,简单地解释了形成上述相关性的可能原因。     

利用位场及其高阶导数的功率谱计算岩层的深度与厚度

本文导出了利用重力与磁异常及其高阶导数的功率谱计算密度体和磁性体上顶与下底埋深的近似公式,还提供了利用垂向或水平导数谱计算深度的方法。理论模型的试验结果表明,由近似公式计算的精度可以满足实际需要。本文最后根据一条重力剖面资料,计算了密度层上、下界面。     

位场DFT算法研究

本文推广了经典的抽样定理,并据此导出了函数有限离散傅里叶变换误差方程（简称DFT误差方程,下同）。该方程把有限离散傅里叶变换中固有的离散效应和有限效应表示为确切的数学形式。离散效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数;有限效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数的DFT。 基于DFT误差方程和位函数特点,作者提出了两种位场数值傅里叶变换新算法--移样法和等效源续尾叠样法。移样法可近百倍地提高位场数值傅里叶反变换的精度,等效源续尾叠样法可数十倍地提高正变换精度。两种算法都不需要增加资料长度和取样密度,因而基本不需要增加计算机时间和内存。文中给出了算例。     

临汾裂谷现代构造应力场特征及其数值模拟

根据断层错动资料和小地震的平均震源机制解结果,运用弹性力学的叠加原理,对临汾裂谷作三维有限元模拟,反演其构造应力场。结果表明,临汾裂谷现今主要受南东东-北西西向引张力作用,辅之以北东-南西方向的挤压,同时在裂谷的中心叠加有底层拖曳的深部作用。     

磁尾宽频带静电噪声的一种新的激发机制

本文提出了磁尾宽频带静电噪声强谱段的一种新的激发机制。在等离子体片边界层中存在着瞬时的局域性的晨昏电场。电子和离子对该电场的响应不同:在电场存在的区域内,电子作回旋漂移运动,而离子轨道在的时间尺度内可视为直线。由于等离子体片边界层中等离子体是非均匀的,这就导致了电荷分离的产生,从而可激发静电不稳定性。本文通过求解含电场的Vlasov方程,计算了由此产生的不稳定波的频率和增长率,考察了波矢方向。上述计算结果均与强谱段静电噪声的观测特征一致。     

透射波波场重建和介质层厚反演研究

本文以P波和SV波波场比值,提出层状介质情况下透射波波场的反向重建算法原理,并据此给出在已知介质速度值时,求介质层厚度的反演方法。文中还以深源远震记录波形资料给出反演算例,证实本文的算法是可行的。     

云南地区地热基本特征

本文从实测26口井的地热数据中取得14个大地热流值,认为云南地区地热场具有西高东低,并自西往东呈波浪式逐渐变低的趋势,该区具有高地热特征的地质发展历史。由于该区地处世界两大地震带的过渡地区,具有岛弧型的高地热特征,也具有岛弧地带地震活跃的特点,强震多发生在深大断裂带上。该区不同构造单元中的地热场存在的明显不均一性,影响着地震的孕育和地震的发生,地热场、温泉和地震的分布呈良好的对应关系     

华南地区中生代以来构造应力场的基本特征

本文认为,华南地区于燕山旋回中早期主压应力轴是北西——南东和北西西——南东东向的。燕山晚期以来,主压应力轴基本上是北东——南西和北东东——南西西乃至近东西向的。     

Late quaternary monsoon patterns on the Loess Plateau of China

China's Loess Plateau was formed under special conditions. The tectonic movement, topographical characteristics, and monsoon patterns combined to create a favourable environment for the accumulation of thick loessic deposits. The Loess Plateau itself is part of the ‘Monsoon Triangle’ of China, a region very susceptible to climatic changes. Throughout the Upper Pleistocene the palaeoenvironment on the Loess Plateau alternated from steppe, to deciduous forest and coniferous forest, in response to shifts in the atmospheric circulation. Three monsoon patterns appear to be indicated: (1) a full glacial monsoon pattern (18000–15000 yr BP) which induced a cold and dry climate favouring loess accumulation in steppe conditions; (2) an interglacial monsoon pattern (last interglacial and Holocene) in which a warm humid climate prevailed with deciduous forests, leaving palaeosols interbedded within the loess sequence; and (3) a transitional or interstadial monsoon pattern (50 000–23 000 yr BP) in which the climate was cold and humid in the Loess Plateau, encouraging the development of coniferous forest.     

Simulation of the time-space evolution of an extratropical cyclonic precipitation field over USA

The time-space evolution of an extratropical cyclonic precipitation field over U S A is simulated in a stochastic setting as outlined in Kavvas et al. (1988). The birth of a cyclonic storm is characterized by the simultaneous birth of a cyclone center and births of subsynoptic precipitation areas (SPA) at preferred locations around the cyclone center. The precipitation cores and cells which are used as the fundamental building blocks of the SPAs are approximated by circular precipitation areas (CPA) of different sizes. The time space evolution of the precipitation field after the birth is governed by (1) the movement of the synoptic cyclone described by the cyclone center trajectory, (2) independent nonidentically distributed random velocities of the individual CPAs relative to the cyclone center, (3) the births of new CPAs in time and space relative to the cyclone center, (4) the independent evolution in time of the individual spatially uniform intensities of the existing CPAs, (5) the expansion and shrinkage of the existing CPAs in the course of movement and (6) the dissipation (death) of a random number of existing CPAs within the cyclonic system. The computer simulation, the results of which are presented in this paper, successfully reproduced the general mesoscale and synoptic scale features of the radar detected cyclonic rain fields as observed by Austin and Houze (1972), Houze et al. (1976), Hobbs (1978), Hobbs and Locatelli (1978), Houze (1981), Houze and Hobbs (1982) and others.