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31.
Charles F. Rabeni Kevin J. Collier Stephanie M. Parkyn Brendan J. Hicks 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):693-700
We evaluated several capture and analysis techniques for estimating abundance and size structure of freshwater crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) (koura) from a forested North Island, New Zealand stream to provide a methodological basis for future population studies. Direct observation at night and collecting with baited traps were not considered useful. A quadrat sampler was highly biased toward collecting small individuals. Handnetting at night and estimating abundances using the depletion method were not as efficient as handnetting on different dates and analysing by a mark‐recapture technique. Electrofishing was effective in collecting koura from different habitats and resulted in the highest abundance estimates, and mark‐recapture estimates appeared to be more precise than depletion estimates, especially if multiple recaptures were made. Handnetting captured more large crayfish relative to electrofishing or the quadrat sampler. 相似文献
32.
Weiming Huang Ali Mansourian Ehsan Abdolmajidi Haiqi Xu 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(6):1117-1137
Map mashups, as a common way of presenting geospatial information on the Web, are generally created by spatially overlaying thematic information on top of various base maps. This simple overlay approach often raises geometric deficiencies due to geometric uncertainties in the data. This issue is particularly apparent in a multi-scale context because the thematic data seldom have synchronised level of detail with the base map. In this study, we propose, develop, implement and evaluate a relative positioning approach based on shared geometries and relative coordinates to synchronise geometric representations for map mashups through several scales. To realise the relative positioning between datasets, we adopt a Linked Data–based technical framework in which the data are organised according to ontologies that are designed based on the GeoSPARQL vocabulary. A prototype system is developed to demonstrate the feasibility and usability of the relative positioning approach. The results show that the approach synchronises and integrates the geometries of thematic data and the base map effectively, and the thematic data are automatically tailored for multi-scale visualisation. The proposed framework can be used as a new way of modelling geospatial data on the Web, with merits in terms of both data visualisation and querying. 相似文献
33.
五桂山作为一个新开发的旅游景区,存在形象模糊、主题不突出、“灰度区”特征明显等问题。基于SWOT分析、形象定位和区域形象系统理论,五桂山旅游景区整体形象定位为:绿野仙踪、红色胜迹。旅游景区人-地感知形象、人-人感知形象的要素设计重点:视觉形象主要是标准色及字体、旅游徽标、标识牌、建筑物亭、交通工具、服饰、门票和吉祥物等8大识别要素,旅游徽标主体图案设计为“五桂飘香”;听觉形象主要是沁人心扉元素;居民形象应强化纯朴、热情、善良、文明元素设计;地标区、光环效应区形象建设的重点在东部绿野仙踪、红色胜迹旅游区和城桂路、翠山路、马石路沿岸及其进出口。 相似文献
34.
??????????λ???PANDA?????????纣????????2009??2011??2013??????3??GNSS?????????д????????????ITRF2008?μ???????????????з??????ó?????????????????仯????E???????32.16 mm/a????N???????-10.08 mm/a?????????????????????λ?????????????????????μ????????? 相似文献
35.
利用非组合精密单点定位(PPP)可以提取高精度的电离层延迟。测站多径误差会影响伪距和相位测量精度,影响实时PPP电离层延迟提取的精度以及收敛速度。对于静态观测站,利用对GPS卫星地面跟踪的时间重复性进行恒星日滤波可以消除多径误差的影响。通过事后处理提取前几日的码和载波相位残差序列,利用恒星日滤波建立多径误差改正模型,修正实时观测数据,可以改善实时电离层延迟估计性能。对IGS观测站的实测数据分析表明,应用恒星日滤波多径误差修正后,实时电离层延迟提取的精度由0.185 m提高到0.028 m,新进卫星的电离层参数估计收敛时间由80 min减少为35 min。 相似文献
36.
Michael J. Dunnington Richard A. Wahle Michael C. Bell Nathan R. Geraldi 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1253-1276
Seabed mapping, spatially referenced trapping, and mark‐recapture methods have all been useful tools in ecological studies of lobsters and other benthic animals. Here we integrate the three methods to evaluate local population dynamics and movements of American lobsters, Homarus americanus, in coastal fishing grounds in Maine, United States. The study was conducted on five study areas of different size, and used two different sampling protocols. At one site (1 km2 in area) we used a monthly mark‐recapture sampling interval over a 6‐month period, only tagging a subsample of the catch. At four smaller sites (0.3 km2) we used a shorter‐term approach, sampling at 3–4‐day intervals for a 2‐week duration, tagging the entire catch. Tagging data were analysed with a modified Jolly‐Seber model adapted for continuous sampling to estimate population abundance, gains (immigration), and losses (emigration and mortality). Side‐scan sonar surveys of the seabed combined with diver‐based population surveys, stratified by substrate type, provided an independent comparison to mark‐recapture‐based estimates of abundance over the same areas. Spatial referencing of trap catch also allowed us to relate catch rates and lobster movements directly to seabed features. The longer‐term tagging data on the larger study area provided abundance estimates that were more consistent with the diver observations, and estimates of gains and losses statistically more robust, than those derived from the shorter‐term effort on the smaller sites. The flux of lobsters followed the well known seasonal movements on these fishing grounds, with gains and losses from the larger study area ranging over 1000 individuals per day, and an estimated mid‐summer peak density of >65 000 lobsters per km2 (individuals >50 mm carapace length). This approach may lend itself to broader application with the American lobster. 相似文献
37.
???GPS?????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????M??????????????μ??????????????????????????????????????????????е????????????????????????÷??????п??????????????????????????? 相似文献
38.
39.
目前钻孔机器人位姿调节多采用手动遥控调节与人工复测结合,未实现全自动调节,开环控制精度低、自动化能力低、无法实现煤矿用探放水、防突和防冲钻孔机器人精确开孔定位与孔群全自动施工。通过分析钻孔机器人钻臂结构和动作,建立了钻臂运动学模型;通过对加工误差、机身变形、装配间隙等影响因素分析,发现采用回转减速器蜗轮蜗杆结构间隙会引起倾角和方位角误差放大,并在机身平时会引起倾角和方位角误差最大达0.85°;为消除误差,首先采用传统钻臂运动学误差补偿方法建立了钻臂静、动态误差补偿模型,利用全站仪测试关节间隙和变形量,基于补偿模型和RBF神经网络法求逆解得到误差补偿量,钻臂期望位姿与实际位姿误差的
40.