图像目标形状匹配与视频过滤技术研究

通过研究图像目标形状特征的提取、匹配，运用随机过程，投影理论，提出用于识别目标形状统计特性的波动度特征，建立目标形状匹配函数，给出实际图像目标的匹配实现算法，实际系统测试表明该算法能准确、快速完成实际图像目标形状的匹配、过滤，为图像跟踪、识别及视频过滤等应用领域提供了新的可借鉴方法。     

利用遥感光谱特征提取岩性信息的基础和技术研究

地物光谱特征的研究是遥感技术的基础研究工作之一．从光谱遥感发展与地质应用的趋势出发。从光谱遥感岩矿识别基础与识别技术方法两方面阐述了光谱遥感的研究进展．在技术方法方面，主要从多光谱与成像光谱以及遥感与航空放射性信息集成3个层次上，分析利用光谱特征进行岩石矿物识别的研究进展及其潜力与可行性，并简单阐述了遥感与航空放射性信息的复合这一遥感岩性信息识别研究的发展趋势．     

Implicit integration under mixed controls of a breakage model for unsaturated crushable soils

This paper discusses a series of stress point algorithms for a breakage model for unsaturated granular soils. Such model is characterized by highly nonlinear coupling terms introduced by breakage‐dependent hydro‐mechanical energy potentials. To integrate accurately and efficiently its constitutive equations, specific algorithms have been formulated using a backward Euler scheme. In particular, because implementation and verification of unsaturated soil models often require the use of mixed controls, the incorporation of various hydro‐mechanical conditions has been tackled. First, it is shown that the degree of saturation can be replaced with suction in the constitutive equations through a partial Legendre transformation of the energy potentials, thus changing the thermomechanical state variables and enabling a straightforward implementation of a different control mode. Then, to accommodate more complex control scenarios without redefining the energy potentials, a hybrid strategy has been used, combining the return mapping scheme with linearized constraints. It is shown that this linearization strategy guarantees similar levels of accuracy compared with a conventional strain–suction‐controlled implicit integration. In addition, it is shown that the use of linearized constraints offers the possibility to use the same framework to integrate a variety of control conditions (e.g., net stress and/or water‐content control). The convergence profiles indicate that both schemes preserve the advantages of implicit integration, that is, asymptotic quadratic convergence and unconditional stability. Finally, the performance of the two implicit schemes has been compared with that of an explicit algorithm with automatic sub‐stepping and error control, showing that for the selected breakage model, implicit integration leads to a significant reduction of the computational cost. Such features support the use of the proposed hybrid scheme also in other modeling contexts, especially when strongly nonlinear models have to be implemented and/or validated by using non‐standard hydro‐mechanical control conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于理想点-可拓云模型的隧道围岩稳定性评价

为了对隧道围岩稳定性进行准确评价并解决研究过程中存在的模糊性和随机性以及评价指标不相容的问题,减少单一的主客观赋权法所带来的误差,将云模型引入可拓理论中,利用可拓理论能够实现矛盾问题向相容问题转化的特点和云模型具有处理事物双重不确定性的优势并结合理想点组合赋权法对隧道围岩进行稳定性评价研究。通过文献调研、数据统计的方式,选取具有代表性的6个指标组成隧道围岩评价指标体系,用理想点法赋予评价指标组合权重,并构建可拓云模型对隧道围岩稳定性进行综合评价。通过将此方法应用于工程实例并与其他方法对比,结果表明：基于理想点-可拓云模型的隧道围岩稳定性评价方法能够减少评价过程中存在的不确定性问题,克服单一赋权方法的不足,具有良好的适用性,可以应用于实际工程中。     

地面三维激光扫描技术在变电站精细测量中的应用

变电站是重要的电力设施,对其进行测绘采集是三维建模与可视化、运行维护、管理、异常监控等工作的基础,但其中构筑物具有复杂、结构异形等特点。本文利用三维激光扫描技术获取点云数据,对变电站进行精细测量。提出了基于空间区域复杂度的划分（如将测区划分为均匀分布区、紧密排列区、气体绝缘封闭组合电器（GIS）区、过渡区）方法,并以新疆亚中变电站为例展示了该方法的应用,最终实现了变电站的三维建模与可视化。     

一种基于角点特征的遥感影像自动配准方法

本文通过对Harris算子进行改进,自适应地提取角点特征,然后基于角点特征进行由粗到精的匹配,完成影像的配准;并利用MODIS影像、TM影像和HJ-1卫星影像3种不同分辨率的遥感影像进行配准实验,结果表明该自动配准方法能够达到亚像素级的配准精度,是一种高精度的影像配准方法。     

GNSS观测值统一表达及组合PPP解算性能分析

针对GNSS多系统组合进行PPP定位的问题,推导了GNSS观测值统一表达式;进而给出了基于UofC模型的多系统组合PPP的函数模型和随机模型;最后采用6个IGS观测站24 h观测数据对7种组合模型的PPP进行解算,并从收敛率、收敛速度和定位精度等方面进行了统计分析。实验结果表明,当观测时长为60 min时,GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合PPP收敛性能最好,收敛率为91.7%,平均收敛时间为16.1 min;而BDS PPP收敛性能最差,收敛率仅为32.7%,平均收敛时间为38.4 min。可见,多系统组合有利于提高精密单点定位的解算性能。对于定位精度,在观测时长较短时(如0.5 h),GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合PPP整体上具有最优的定位精度,(N,E)方向偏差和标准差分别为(0.3,0.5)cm和(1.9,4.3)cm;短时间内对流层参数与垂直方向的强相关性,将致使U方向精度较差。     

多源遥感影像深度特征融合匹配算法

针对多源遥感影像之间成像机理不同、非线性光谱辐射畸变大以及灰度梯度差异明显等所导致的匹配困难问题,提出深度特征融合匹配算法(Feature Fusion Matching Algorithm, FFM)。(1)通过构建特征图金字塔网络提取影像深度特征,使用特征连接结构将语义丰富的高层特征与定位精确的低层特征互补融合,解决多源影像同名特征难以表征的问题并提高特征向量的定位精度;(2)对原始维度1/8的特征图进行交叉变换来融合自身邻域信息与待匹配影像特征信息,通过计算特征向量间的相似性得分得到初次匹配结果,针对特征稀疏区域,提出滑动窗口自适应得分阈值检测算法来提升匹配效果;(3)将匹配结果映射至亚像素级特征图,在小窗口内计算像素间的匹配概率分布期望值来检校优化匹配结果,提高匹配点对的准确性;(4)使用PROSAC算法对匹配结果进行提纯,有效剔除误匹配的同时最大限度保留正确匹配点。试验选取6对多源遥感影像,将FFM同SuperPoint、SIFT、ContextDesc以及LoFTR算法进行对比,结果表明FFM算法在匹配点正确率、匹配点均方根误差以及分布均匀度等方面远优于其他算法。将FFM匹...     

A new magnitude category disaggregation approach for temporal high‐resolution rainfall intensities

Simulation of quick runoff components such as surface runoff and associated soil erosion requires temporal high‐resolution rainfall intensities. However, these data are often not available because such measurements are costly and time consuming. Current rainfall disaggregation methods have shortcomings, especially in generating the distribution of storm events. The objectives of this study were to improve point rainfall disaggregation using a new magnitude category rainfall disaggregation approach. The procedure is introduced using a coupled disaggregation approach (Hyetos and cascade) for multisite rainfall disaggregation. The new procedure was tested with ten long‐term precipitation data sets of central Germany using summer and winter precipitation to determine seasonal variability. Results showed that dividing the rainfall amount into four daily rainfall magnitude categories (1–10, 11–25, 26–50, >50 mm) improves the simulation of high rainfall intensity (convective rainfall). The Hyetos model category approach (Hyetos_Cat) with seasonal variation performs representative to observed hourly rainfall compared with without categories on each month. The mean absolute percentage accuracy of standard deviation for hourly rainfall is 89.7% in winter and 95.6% in summer. The proposed magnitude category method applied with the coupled Hyetos_Cat–cascade approach reproduces successfully the statistical behaviour of local 10‐min rainfall intensities in terms of intermittency as well as variability. The root mean square error performance statistics for disaggregated 10‐min rainfall depth ranges from 0.20 to 2.38 mm for summer and from 0.12 to 2.82 mm for the winter season in all categories. The coupled stochastic approach preserves the statistical self‐similarity and intermittency at each magnitude category with a relatively low computational burden. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沙漠砂抗剪强度指标与原位测试指标关系研究

为了在沙漠地基勘察中推广应用静力触探技术,在控制相对密度和含水量的条件下,进行了一系列室内大、中型槽原位测试模拟试验及相关土工试验,取得了塔克拉玛干沙漠砂静力触探指标 ,标准贯入试验锤击数 和抗剪强度指标 的一系列有效数对,并进行了线性回归,建立了 - 和N- 之间的相关关系,且论证了二者之间的协调性。给出的公式为沙漠油田地面工程勘察积累了经验。