Horizontal rough fracture type curves for groundwater movement

Abstract

Type curves are derived analytically for radial flow in rough horizontal fractures toward a well. The basic assumptions are that there is no turbulent flow near the borehole and the well storage is ignored. The basis of the methodology is to write explicit expressions for the continuity and cubic law flow equations, which are combined using a Boltzmann transformation leading to a simple ordinary differential equation for groundwater movement. Solutions are presented as a set of type curves for different fracture apertures. It is observed that the solutions provide a method of uniquely identifying fracture hydraulic parameters when the fracture is smooth, but pose ambiguity for rough fracture parameter estimations. However, large time portions of these type curves appear as straight lines on semi-logarithmic paper, which provides a unique way for rough fracture parameter determination. Identification of the fracture parameters, namely, the aperture and relative roughness, is possible in a unique manner with the use of these lines and the dimensionless time drawdown concept. The cubic law is the asymptotic behaviour, either for large times or large fracture apertures. Prior to this asymptotic part, there is a non-cubic portion which gives rise to systematic deviations from the cubic law. The technique presented is useful, especially for evaluating pumping tests from a single major fracture isolated by packers.     

LIDAR测量技术在公路测设中的应用分析

公路是线性工程,适于航测与LIDAR技术进行测设,以提供DLG,DEM,DOM产品。航空摄影后处理周期较长,需要几个月甚至更长时间,影响测设任务进程,而LIDAR技术能够弥补这些缺陷,提高工程效率的同时提高工程质量。本文采用LIDAR技术进行分析,并且与以往的航测摄影进行比较,得出一些有益的成果。     

基于SuperMap GIS的道路网络特征分析

道路网络特征分析是进行交通网络分析的基础,本文基于SuperMap GIS分析了道路网络特征,其中包括网络统计特征、网络中心性等网络特征,并以北京市道路网络数据为例进行了实验分析,实验结果表明SuperMapGIS是研究道路网络特征分析的重要计算平台。     

浅谈地理国情普查地市县乡村需要做的工作内容

通过国情普查试点工作,总结经验、工作方法,为下一步国情普查和省情普查打下良好的基础,对具体工作具有指导意义。     

A block-based selection method for road network generalization

Abstract

When road symbols are shown in a size proportionate to the reduced scale, several problems of legibility may arise concerning the urban blocks. By the method proposed in this paper, in order to overcome these problems, urban block areas are enlarged through amalgamation and the intervening roads in the amalgams are eliminated. This method includes two new approaches for computation of threshold used in determination of important roads based on the connectivity measure, and for definition of minimum block space and area requirements based on graphic limits. A block life cycle was designed for amalgamation of blocks. For the amalgamation process, a new algorithm was developed. The experimental testing indicates that important roads and the roads surrounding the urban area have been preserved. A simpler and more legible road network has been acquired. This method can be described as a more holistic approach as the buildings are taken into account. The problems arising in the experimental testing indicate that the cartographic selection/elimination process is not sufficient by itself for road network generalization, which can be assumed as one of the integral parts of Digital Earth. As well as the selection/elimination, processes such as displacement and caricaturizing are also needed.     

Enrichment of topographic road database for the purpose of routing and navigation

With growing demand on multi-purpose or multi-modal navigation, the route calculation needs to traverse semantically enriched road networks for different transportation modes. Currently, operational route planning algorithms reveal rather limited performances or their potential for comprehensive applications are constrained by the unavailable or insufficient interoperation among the underlying geo-data that are separately maintained in different spatial databases. To overcome this limitation, a novel approach has been proposed to integrate the routing-relevant information from different data sources, which involves three processes: (1) automatic matching to identify the corresponding road objects between different datasets; (2) interaction to refine the automatic matching result; and (3) transferring the routing-relevant information from one data-set to another. In process (1), the Delimited Stroke Oriented algorithm is employed to achieve the automatic data matching between different datasets, which has revealed a high matching rate and certainty. However uncertain matching problems occur in areas where topological conditions are too complicated or inconsistent. The remaining unmatched or wrongly matched objects are treated in process (2), with the help of a series of interaction tools. On the basis of refined matching results after the interaction, process (3) is dedicated to automatic integration of the routing-relevant information from different data sources.     

A rule-based parameter aided with object-based classification approach for extraction of building and roads from WorldView-2 images

Roads and buildings constitute a significant proportion of urban areas. Considerable amount of research has been done on the road and building extraction from remotely sensed imagery. However, a few of them have been concentrating on using only spectral information. This study presents a comparison between three object-based models for urban features’ classification, specifically roads and buildings, from WorldView-2 satellite imagery. The three applied algorithms are support vector machines (SVMs), nearest neighbour (NN) and proposed rule-based system. The results indicated that the proposed rules in this study, despite the spectral complexity of land cover types, performed a satisfactory output with an overall accuracy of 92.92%. The advantages offered by the proposed rules were not provided by other two applied algorithms and it revealed the highest accuracy compared to SVM and NN. The overall accuracy for SVM was 76.76%, which is almost similar to the result achieved by NN (77.3%).     

隐伏构造蚀变岩型钼矿区勘探线布设方法及矿体圈定中有关问题的讨论

建议隐伏矿矿区采用行、排剖面网法布置勘探线和钻孔,利于多方位编制研究性勘探线剖面图,研究和确定深部矿体产状。对隐伏构造蚀变岩型、石英脉—蚀变岩型钼矿333类型资源/储量的圈定与外推分七种情况作了叙述,对米.百分值工程矿体的圈定和外推分五种情况作了叙述。低品位矿应圈定矿体与估算资源/储量。     

东莞市城市现状路网调查与建库

阐述了东莞市城市现状路网调查与建库项目的背景及项目内容,剖析了项目采用的技术路线和工作步骤,最后对项目成果的精度的分析结果表明,成果精度能够满足城乡规划的使用需要。