波束角偏差对多波束测量的影响及校正

波束角偏差是影响多波束系统测量精度的因素之一,严重时导致测量的海底地形成凸凹形状的伪地形。论述了波束角偏差产生的原因以及对多波束系统测量精度的影响,介绍了借用EM系列多波束系统配置的横向参数校准软件对波束角偏差进行校正的方法,经实际应用,该方法很好地校正了波束角偏差,提高了测量数据的精度。     

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Improvement of the semi-Lagrangian advection scheme in the GRAPES model: Theoretical analysis and idealized tests

ABSTRACT The Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System （GRAPES） is the newgeneration numerical weather predic- tion （NWP） system developed by the China Meteorological Administration. It is a fully compressible non-hydrostatical global/regional unified model that uses a traditional semi-Lagrangian advection scheme with cubic Lagrangian interpola tion （referred to as the SL_CL scheme）. The SL_CL scheme has been used in many operational NWP models, but there are still some deficiencies, such as the damping effects due to the interpolation and the relatively low accuracy. Based on Reich＇s semi-Lagrangian advection scheme （referred to as the R2007 scheme）, the Re_R2007 scheme that uses the low- and high-order B-spline function for interpolation at the departure point, is developed in this paper. One- and two-dimensional idealized tests in the rectangular coordinate system with uniform grid cells were conducted to compare the Re..R2007 scheme and the SL_CL scheme. The numerical results showed that： （1） the damping effects were remarkably reduced with the Re_R2007 scheme; and （2） the normalized errors of the Re_R2007 scheme were about 7.5 and 3 times smaller than those of the SL_CL scheme in one- and two-dimensional tests, respectively, indicating the higher accuracy of the Re..R2007 scheme. Furthermore, two solid-body rotation tests were conducted in the latitude-longitude spherical coordinate system with non uniform grid cells, which also verified the Re_R2007 scheme＇s advantages. Finally, in comparison with other global advection schemes, the Re_R2007 scheme was competitive in terms of accuracy and flow independence. An encouraging possibility for the application of the Re_R2007 scheme to the GRAPES model is provided.     

基于ICESat-2 ATLAS数据的DEM高程精度评价

为探究ASTER GDEMV3、SRTM1 DEM和AW3D30 DEM 3种开源DEM数据的高程精度,本文以高精度ICESat-2 ATLAS测高数据为参考数据,利用GIS统计分析、误差相关分析及数理统计对DEM的高程精度进行对比评价。结果表明：①AW3D30的质量最稳定;SRTM1 DEM在平原精度最高;在高原山地精度由高到低依次为AW3D30 DEM、ASTER GDEMV3、SRTM1 DEM。②DEM数据高程精度受地表覆盖影响较大,且与地形因素密切相关,在相同地表覆盖的两个研究区中DEM数据高程精度表现情况不一致,SRTM在平原地表覆盖下精度表现最好,平均误差为3.15 m,AW3D30 DEM在山地地表覆盖下精度表现最好,平均误差为7.61 m。③坡度对DEM数据的高程精度影响较大,在两个研究区3种DEM数据的高程误差均随坡度的增加而增加;坡向对DEM数据的高程精度影响较小,未发现明显的规律。     

高精度CORS站像控点自动提取方法

CORS站持续稳定运行产生了海量高精度定位点数据,如何挖掘提取高精度可用像控点,以替代部分像控点人工选择或外业测绘工作,具有重要推广价值。本文提出了一种基于高精度CORS定位数据的像控点自动提取方法,并研发了像控点自动提取工具。首先采用Douglas-Peucker算法实现轨迹简化;然后利用ST-DBSCAN提取聚类中心;最后进一步栅格化,优化提取得到高可用像控点集。试验结果表明,像控点提取结果的准确率在94%以上,大大减少了像控点采集的工作量,重复利用高精度像控点信息具有广阔应用前景。     

新疆哈拉奇地区地面高精度磁测异常及解释简

新疆哈拉奇地区位于西南天山与塔里木盆地接触部位,属于航空磁法测量的边缘区,未开展过地面物探工作。此次开展地面高精度磁测工作,划分了6个区域磁异常区,圈定了3处次级高磁异常和1处局部高磁异常。推断区域磁异常由隐伏基性侵入岩、基底引起,次级高磁异常由构造引起,局部异常由矿体引起。磁异常解释为地质研究、寻找磁性矿产提供了参考依据。     

Emplacement of the La Peña alkaline igneous complex,Mendoza, Argentina (33° S): Implications for the early Miocene tectonic regime in the retroarc of the Andes

The La Peña alkaline complex (LPC) of Miocene age (18–19 Ma) lies on the eastern front of the Precordillera (32°41ʹ34ʺS, 68°59ʹ48″W, 1400–2900 m a.s.l.), 30 km northwest of Mendoza city, Argentina. It is a subcircular massif of 19 km² and 5 km in diameter, intruded in the metasedimentary sequence of the Villavicencio Formation of Silurian-Devonian age. It is the result of integration of multiple pulses derived from one or more deep magma chambers, which form a suite of silicate rocks grouped into: a clinopyroxenite body, a central syenite facies with a large breccia zone at the contact with the clinopyroxenite, bodies of malignite, trachyte and syenite porphyry necks, and a system of radial and annular dikes of different compositions. Its subcircular geometry and dike system distribution are frequent features of intraplate plutons or plutons emplaced in post-orogenic settings. These morphostructural features characterize numerous alkaline complexes worldwide and denote the importance of magmatic pressures that cause doming with radial and annular fracturing, in a brittle country rock. However, in the LPC, the attitude of the internal fabric of plutonic and subvolcanic units and the preferential layout of dikes match the NW–SE extensional fractures widely distributed in the host rock. This feature indicates a strong tectonic control linked to the structure that facilitate space for emplacement, corresponding to the brittle shear zone parallel to the N–S stratigraphy of the country rock. Shearing produced a system of discontinuities, with a K fractal fracture pattern, given by the combination of Riedel (R), anti-Riedel (R′), (P) and extensional (T) fracture systems, responsible for the control of melt migration by the opening of various fracture branches, but particularly through the NW–SE (T) fractures. Five different pulses would have ascent, (1) an initial one from which cumulate clinopyroxenite was formed, (2) a phase of mafic composition represented by dikes cross-cutting the clinopyroxenite, (3) a malignite facies that causes a small breccia in the clinopyroxenite, (4) a central syenite facies that develops breccias at the contact with the clinopyroxenite and, finally, (5) porphyry necks and a system of radial dikes intruding all units. At the moment of the emplacement different mechanisms would have acted, they summarized in: 1) opening of discontinuities synchronous to the magma circulation as the principal mechanism for formation of dikes and conduits; 2) stoping processes, that play an important role in the development of the breccia zone and enabling an efficient transference of material during the emplacement of the syenitic magma and 3) shear-related deformation (regional stress), affected the internal fabric of the facies, causing intracrystalline deformation and submagmatic flow, which is very evident in the central syenite intrusive. The kinematic analysis of shear planes allows proposing that emplacement of the LPC took place in a transtensive regime, which would have occurred in the back-arc of the Andes orogen, during a long period spanning from Miocene to the present, of the compressive deformation responsible, westward and at the same latitude, for the development of the Aconcagua fold and thrust belt.     

CORS系统在GPSC级控制网测量中的应用

简要介绍了CORS系统的发展情况,分析了GPS C级控制网测量的精度,就GPS网的布设、基线解算、GPS网平差及检核进行有益的探讨,旨在发挥CORS的优势,解决GPS控制网测量中控制点缺乏的问题,提高CORS的应用水平。     

土壤粒径空间预测方法研究综述

土壤粒径（砂粒、粉粒和黏粒）是各种陆表过程和生态系统服务评估等模型的关键参数。作为一种土壤成分数据,土壤粒径的空间预测方法有和为1（或100%）等特殊要求,其空间分布精度受预测方法影响较大。本文针对土壤粒径相较于其他土壤属性的特殊性,提出了土壤粒径空间预测方法框架,综述了土壤粒径数据变换、空间插值和精度验证等系列方法,总结了提升土壤粒径空间预测精度的各种途径,包括通过有效的数据变换改善数据分布、结合数据分布特点选择合适的预测方法、结合辅助变量提升制图精度和分布合理性、使用混合模型提升插值精度、使用多成分联合模拟模型提升预测的系统性等。最后,提出了今后土壤粒径空间预测方法研究的未来方向,包括从考虑数据变换原理和机制角度改善数据分布、发展多成分联合模拟模型和高精度曲面建模方法,以及引入土壤粒径函数曲线并与随机模拟结合等。