海洋导管架平台的极限强度分析

海洋导管架平台的极限分析是一项较新的研究课题，随着海上采油事业的飞速发展，它已越来越受到海洋工程设计及维修部门的重视。其研究成果不仅能用于设计结构的应力校核，尚可用于现有平台结构的整体安全估算。本文利用非线性模拟技术及线性分析程序的完美结合。成功地分析计算了受集中哉茶作用的空间框架结构，及受静载荷和环境载荷作用下的真实导管架平台极限强度。     

On the geologic structure of the Explora Escarpment (Weddell Sea,Antarctica) revealed by satellite and Shipboard data evaluation

Bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data from Antarctic expeditions with RV POLARSTERN and satellite altimeter data from the Geosat Geodetic Mission are analysed using methods from geostatistics and geophysical inverse theory.The Explora Escarpment represents the edge between the Antarctic Continental Shelf and the Weddell Abyssal Plain. It is an important link in the reconstruction of Gondwana breakup, but a feature as large as the 2000 m deep Wegener Canyon was only discovered in 1984, when extensive bathymetric, gravimetric, and magnetic surveys with RV POLARSTERN began.Geostatistics, the theory of regionalized variables, is applied to integrate dense surveys of Wegener Canyon and sparse observations in adjacent areas into maps with full coverage of the 230 km by 330 km area at 10°–20° W/70°–72° S. The resultant highresolution bathymetric and gravity maps reveal detailed structures of the Explora Escarpment. Using geophysical inversion, the gravity terrain effect is calculated. Satellite data are used for their better coverage, but have much lower resolution. Nevertheless, the structures of Wegener Canyon and other more prominent features appear with surprisingly good correlation also in the Geosat altimeter data. While it was initially supposed that Wegener Canyon is purely an erosional structure, the magnetic map now provides evidence of the canyon's tectonic origin.     

土钉墙支护设计的非线性有限元法

土钉墙支护是1种经济、安全、可靠的基坑支护型式。采用非线性平面应变有限元方法对土钉墙支护设计进行数值模拟。与传统的极限平衡法相比具有显著优越性。该方法将土钉与岩土介质作为1个系统研究,对十钉支护的作用机理、变形、和土钉墙内的受力进行分析,计算开挖最终阶段的变形量。与工程实例的对比检验,证实该方法的合理性。研究结论对土钉墙支护的设计与施工具有较高的应用价值。     

应用EOS/MODIS资料监测河西内陆河下游水库湖泊水域的变化

利用EOS/MODIS资料,对2004年春季至秋季间分布在甘肃省河西境内的2个面积最大的水库———红崖山水库、双塔水库和位于内蒙古额济纳旗的东、西居延海湖泊的水体面积进行监测计算,并与近年同期平均值进行了对比分析,结果表明疏勒河、石羊河及黑河流域下游的水库湖泊水体面积都有不同程度的减小。     

澳门单站气象资料变化趋势的预报模型之比较

以澳门单站年和四季降水和温度两个气象要素的气象资料(1952~2001年)为主要研究对象,利用3种统计预报模型(谐波分析外推模型、开环门限自回归模型和主分量因子的逐步回归模型)进行拟合及试报,对澳门的降水及温度的变化做较深入的分析及预测,比较3种统计预报模型在研究澳门单站气象资料的变化趋势中的优劣。结果发现,3种预报模型在预报年和四季平均气温的方面都比较理想,但对降水量变化序列做拟合及试报则差异较大。总体而言,气候场的主分量逐步回归法对相同的气候资料建模做拟合及试报,结果拟合率是三者中最高的,复相关为0.821~0.911,预报效果除秋季较差外,其余都非常好。     

台风阻塞形势下两次四川盆地持续性暴雨过程对比研究

利用 CMORPH融合资料、地面降水资料和卫星云图资料,针对2015年6月22~24日（过程一）和2018年7月10~12日（过程二）四川省持续性暴雨过程,从动力、热力、水汽、云图等多方面进行对比分析。结果表明：两次过程的落区、强度均不相同;过程一主要降水产生于四川盆地东北部到中部,48h内共有338个区域自动站出现了暴雨以上的降水,最大雨量达到313.5mm;过程二强降水出现在四川盆地西北部,48h内共有942个区域自动站出现了暴雨以上的降水,最大雨量达到481.7mm。两次过程都有高空低槽、台风、切变线等多个不同尺度影响系统的相互作用;台风登陆点对四川盆地的暴雨落区有明显影响,台风从广西登陆,盆地降水偏北,而从东部沿海登陆,盆地降水偏西。两次过程低槽均为后倾槽,斜压特征明显;过程一降水激发了盆地涡的生成,盆地涡又使得降水持续,整个降水过程基本处于不稳定层结下,有MCC生成,多个时次的1h降水超过30mm;过程二随着副高东退,低槽东移,降水由前期的对流性转为稳定性降水。从位涡发展和移动来看,两次过程高位涡与强降水的发生时段吻合,位涡指示四川盆地暴雨落区具有重要的参考价值。     

Coastline configuration and geomorphologic development mode of arc-shaped coast in South China

1IntroductionArc-shaped bays are quite common on exposed sediment coast in South China, where the crenulate-bay beaches occur with the presence of two consecutive headlands and a predominant wave approach oblique to the alignment of the upcoast and downcoast headlands (Yasso, 1965). Oblique persistent swell striking a shoreline transports sediment alongshore and sculptures a coast into arc-shaped beaches. The shoreline of beach appearance mainly consists of straight segment and shadow segment…     

Decumbent development: Urban sprawl in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area,India

Urban sprawl has become a global phenomenon as an outcome of growing population and rapid urbanization. Previous studies have addressed the rising incidence of uncontrollable urban development, particularly in peri-urban areas of cities, leading to chronic urban sprawl. The city of Guwahati, a million city in north east India, has expanded significantly in recent years. In this article, the links between population and growth of built-up areas were examined using geo-spatial techniques and remotely sensed datasets. The results indicate that the sprawl has accentuated in recent years. The intensity of land use remained uneven due to marked variations in the distribution of built-up areas, plausibly an outcome of unplanned urban growth. If current trends are anything to go by, future urban sprawl could pose serious threats to the vulnerable eco-sensitive and peri-urban areas of Guwahati. Secondary cities have unfortunately received scant attention in urban policy research, and Guwahati, epitomizes urban woes in a developing country.     

兰州新区建设用地生态适宜性评价

在地理信息技术的支持下,修正单纯的权重叠加法,采用潜力-限制性分析法分析了兰州新区建设用地的生态潜力和生态阻力,对其生态适宜性做出科学评价,得到兰州新区可用作建设用地的理想区域。结果表明：（1）兰州新区建设用地开发的生态潜力总体以一级为主,二级次之,三级和四级区所占比重较小;（2）一级生态阻力主要分布在新区南部山地,主要表现为地形复杂、工程地质条件差、地质灾害发生频繁等;（3）兰州新区建设用地生态适宜性达一级的面积所占比重最大,为39 425.91 hm²,占新区总面积的48.91%。三级适宜区面积最小,仅为6 513.2 hm²,占新区总面积的8.08%。对应于生态适宜性评价结果,兰州新区土地应用可划分为集中建设区、重点开发区、限制建设区和禁止建设区。其中,集中建设区和重点建设区应为兰州新区建设用地开发的理想区域。