高精度三维地震勘探在西部地区含煤地层中的应用——以内蒙古自治区鄂托克前旗上海庙矿区一号井田为例

因西部复杂地表条件,常规地震勘探很难取得好的效果。该文通过一个实例,就高精度三维地震勘探数据采集方法、资料处理重点模块、高精度解释方法及地质成果验证情况进行阐述,说明了高精度三维地震勘探方法在复杂的地震地质条件下能够取得较好地震地质效果,并产生较大经济效益。     

强震水氡前兆场异常特征及其物理解释

研究了岩石中微裂隙的产生与地下水氡浓度变化的关系以及孕震过程中微裂隙时空变化图像,揭示了水氡前兆场的时空变化特征及其物理机制。结果表明,孕震过程中岩石微破裂的生长是导致地下水氡含量升高及地震前出现水氡异常的原因;震源区及附近地区的膨胀和微破裂最早出现,并最为发育和集中,因此水氡异常也最早出现,也最为集中;孕震过程中微破裂增加,导致地下水氡含量升高,水氡趋势异常以趋势性升高为主。     

Geomorphological explanation of the long profile of the Lower Mississippi River

Concavity in the long profile of rivers has traditionally been explained through the concept of grade, in which the slope declines downstream as a response to changing discharge, bed material size and sediment transport. Applying this concept to particular river systems has, however, proved problematic. The long profile reflects spatially-distributed form–process feedbacks between all aspects of channel morphology operating at a range of poorly defined time- and space-scales, and in the presence of natural controls. In many river systems, process–form dynamics are further complicated by engineering interventions which add additional extrinsic controls and constrain the range of intrinsic dynamics. In this paper, the 1974–75 long profile of the Lower Mississippi River is examined at three scales: the regional; the reach; and the sub-reach (pool–crossing) scales. A combination of curve-fitting, zonation algorithms, and empirical classification techniques are used to show that, although the long profile of the Lower Mississippi River is concave at the largest scale, the profile is characterised by discontinuities, shorter trends and zonal variations in the amplitude and wavelength of pool–crossing morphology. These characteristics are a response to morphological and bed material changes relating to a range of physical (geological, tectonic, tributary input) and engineering controls. Despite its apparent simplicity and correspondence to a ‘graded’ condition, the long profile of the Lower Mississippi River is actually a complex and scale-dependent morphological property. At best, the concave river profile is, therefore, a property which emerges from several scales of process–form interaction; at worst, it is no more than an artefact arising from the application of over-simplified curve-fitting techniques. Disclosure of the nature of the long profile thus requires the application of a variety of analytical techniques, as well as geomorphological explanations which are themselves scale-dependent and which consider the interaction of natural processes and the history of engineering intervention.     

重力高阶方向导数的可视化拟合及其应用

针对目前人们所使用的交互式重力剖面拟合软件多以正演布格重力异常为主,在应用效果方面存有欠缺的情况,提出了在作重力剖面布格异常拟合的同时,增加高阶方向导数的拟合。其目的是发挥布格重力异常的高阶方向导数在突出浅部地质体的特征,压制区域性深部地质因素,区分相邻地质体引起的叠加异常等方面的优势。这里采用最小二乘法演算了布格重力异常高阶方向导数的计算过程,对计算程序编制和使用中涉及的相关问题进行了阐述,并例举了在地球物理勘探中,利用高阶方向导数提高重力资料解释效果的实例。并在最后对重力剖面进行可视化拟合解释时应注意的要点做了分析,强调了兼顾布格重力异常及其高阶方向导数二者拟合曲线均基本相似,而不应追求其中某一方面精确拟合的解释原则。     

一次区域性暴雪天气成因分析

分析了2001年1月6日河南省中北部出现的区域性暴雪天气过程中天气系统的演变、物理量场，并对数值预报产品作出天气学解释。     

制图综合专家系统工具研究

本文介绍了作者研究的制图综合专家系统的设计思想与系统构成,系统外壳的实现等。     

沉降史反演的现状与应用

在总结前人资料的基础上，综述目前的研究现状，提出沉降史的反演是构造地质学与沉积学在盆地研究中具有结合点和生长点的作用，归纳了沉降曲线应用和对地质学进展的贡献以及在计算沉降量和解释沉降曲线应注意的问题，并展望其发展方向。     

There and back again: Epiphany, disillusionment, and rediscovery in political ecology

This paper reviews the experience of discovering, abandoning, and rediscovering elements of the work of political ecologist Piers Blaikie from the period spanning 1992-2006. In the process, we analyze the cyclic fate of critical ideas in the field of political ecology, including especially the “chain of explanation,” during a tumultuous period where materialist and constructivist theorists encountered one another. The paper concludes with a specific discussion of the power of traditional tools in political ecology for addressing current socio-ecological crises, specifically HIV/AIDS in southern Africa.     

青藏高原西部重力异常剖面拟合及其地质解释

在青藏高原西部地区沿东经80°和83°选择了2条剖面,在地质资料、物性资料和布格重力异常、航磁异常研究的基础上,结合深部地球物理, 建立了剖面的地质-地球物理模型。通过重力联合人机交互正演模拟,求解地下地质体的模型,并依此对剖面通过地段的地壳结构、断裂带深部特征和构造单元的深部格架进行了解释推断。     

胶莱盆地地质解译及金矿床地质--地球物理-地球化学背景

从出露基底找金走向隐伏基底找金的新思路出发，对胶莱盆地内的地层、构造、岩浆岩运用物—化探信息和深钻资料给予深刻明晰的解译，发现其与胶北隆起区有着相似的地、物、化背景条件。指出胶莱盆地是座落在太古—元古宙基底之上的中新生代盆地，具有基底与盖层的双层结构，它们分别形成金矿的矿源层和衍生矿源层，展示了胶莱盆地的找矿前景。结合矿化信息以及典型矿床实例的地、物、化特点的解剖，指出矿化规律和控矿因素，建立了矿床地质一地球物理一地球化学找矿模型，并圈定了1：20万预测靶区以及靶区中可能出现的主要矿床类型，为进一步勘查工作指出了方向。