Theory and Research in Geography Education

Abstract

Interim semester field trips provide a unique opportunity for undergraduate students to collect field data in support of their capstone research experience. We encourage students to participate in collaborative research projects prior to the semester for which they enroll in the capstone course. Students select a research project based on a field trip itinerary, submit a research proposal to faculty, conduct preliminary research prior to departure and collect data in the field during a January “Winterim” course. During the spring semester, students continue laboratory research, incorporating data collected in the field to complete their research project and prepare scientific presentations. Field trips provide an inherent mentoring system whereby faculty interact with students, and underclass students collaborate on capstone research projects. This approach facilitates learning by emphasizing preparation and planning, collaborative learning and integration of classroom knowledge into field research.     

人工神经网络专家系统在瞬变电磁法反演中的应用

目前在瞬变电磁法反演方法中, 人们使用较多的是电磁场反演拟合的方法。但往往存在以下不足:首先这些反演方法理论复杂, 不易掌握;其次它要求工作人员有丰富的工作经验, 缺乏延续性, 很难推广;再次数据处理量大, 计算复杂。本文提出一个基于人工神经网络的专家系统。它避开了具体复杂的电磁场计算, 只要经过适当的学习训练就能够解决复杂的实际问题;而且还具有学习记忆功能, 使得瞬变电磁法的反演工作具有延续性和继承性。随着专家系统的不断完善, 该方法将有广阔的发展前景。      

珠琳地区岩溶水分布规律及找水经验

本文在研究区域水文地质条件的基础上，分析了珠琳地区岩溶水的分布规律，认为新构造运动的间歇性和持续上升、弱透水层的存在是造成自分水岭至排泄区岩溶水的富水性由弱到强及岩溶发育均匀程度由高到低，地下水埋深呈阶梯状降低的主要因素。总结提出了高原斜坡地带岩溶石山区找水要在古溶蚀台面上接近分水岭的地段、溶蚀洼地的扬起端寻找表层带岩溶水，以及悬托的弱透水层之上寻找滞水型岩溶水；不宜在强迳流区、负地形最低部位布井。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

海洋鱼类疾病诊断系统中的多参数的证据不确定性推理机制

在分析、归纳、总结不确定性推理相关问题的基础上,提出基于充分性参数、必要性参数和可信度因子(规则强度)等多参数的证据不确定性推理方法。该方法能够表示具有复杂不确定性加权关系的诊断规则,并且能够根据证据规则的约束条件通过数值计算获取规则的不确定性相关参数;通过在开发的海洋鱼类疾病诊断专家系统中的应用,很好地体现了疾病诊断中存在的不确定性,有效地减少了主观因素对诊断结论准确性的影响。     

Useful Products of the Century Plant a Lesson on Mexico

Creating opportunities for students to actively apply hazards theory to real-life situations is often a challenge in hazards geography courses. This article presents a project, the Jocko Lakes Fire Project, that implemented learning strategies to encourage students to be active in wildfire hazards research. Wildfire hazards stand out as an increasing threat to communities in forested areas given current and projected rates of urbanization, the growing concentration of wealth in hazard-prone areas, the increasing costs of forest wildfire reduction, and climate change. Components of the project involved students in problem definition and the articulation of a research plan; identifying and collecting relevant data; and analyzing and documenting the wildfire hazard event. The student-based evaluation of the project and its outcomes highlights the ways in which this approach can increase understanding of local hazard scenarios, familiarity with relevant theory, geographical knowledge, and skills in research.     

美、日、韩动漫产业发展经验及对我国的启示

目前,动漫产业已发展成庞大产业集群和消费市场,全球形成了美、日、韩三足鼎立的动漫市场格局。我国动漫产业方兴未艾,有关省市积极发展这一新兴产业,但产业规模小,产业链结构不合理,市场化运作不规范,专业人才短缺,明显落后于美、日、韩等国。本文基于我国比较优势,提出旨在发展和提升动漫产业竞争力的若干见解。首先是弘扬传统文化,塑造深入人心的动漫形象;其次,重视动漫产业链中上游产品的设计和原创,着力开发动漫产业链中相关的衍生产品,进一步优化产业链;第三,寻求适合本国动漫发展产业模式和创建和谐、良性的产业竞争内外部环境。     

ENERGY SOURCES FOR EVAPORATION ON TROPICAL ISLANDS

The sources of energy for evaporation on tropical islands were explored by studying 49 lowland sites in the Hawaiian Islands with concurrent pan evaporation and solar radiation measurements. The Priestley-Taylor (1972) method was used to quantify the contribution of solar radiation in evaporation and the residual term between estimated and measured evaporation was attributed to heat advection. Pearson correlation coefficients between monthly measured and estimated evaporation (using solar radiation data) were greater than 0.95 at 26 of the sites, 0.90 for 37 sites, and 0.80 at 46 of the 49 sites used in the study. As expected, solar radiation supplies the bulk of the energy absorbed by evaporation at low elevations in Hawaii. However, a pattern of negative advection in summer and positive advection in winter from the surrounding ocean modifies the monthly evaporation values. For the 20 sites showing the greatest oceanic influence, departures ranged, on average, from +0.84 mm/day in November to -0.71 mm/day in June. This onshore advection corresponds to the seasonal lag in sea surface temperatures. At inland and wet lee sites, the effect of advection from oceanic sources diminishes. At dry lee sites, strong positive advection is evident in summer and autumn, enhancing evaporation by up to 2.8 mm/day. [Key words: evaporation, energy, tropical islands, radiation, advection]     

基于大数据的西安市国内游客情感体验时空变化研究

大数据时代,社交媒体的大量应用为研究游客情感体验以及探索其时空变化提供了新的数据源。采集3 a间西安市国内游客微博签到数据,运用热点格网图法、Getis-Ord Gi*方法和X-means聚类方法,从积极情感和消极情感2个维度研究西安市国内游客情感体验时空变化和演化规律。结果表明:(1)城市中心、城市主轴线、主要商圈以及景区景点附近游客情感相对较高且稳定,高情感体验区域主要分布在曲江新区和西安古城旅游区。(2)消极情感体验在西安的交通枢纽和城市边缘的空间占比高,交通枢纽主要以车站、城市进出口为主。(3)整体上来看,3 a间西安市游客情感较为平稳,积极情感呈现"中心—边缘"的空间格局,消极情感和积极情感的呈现具有相似性,主要以3种类型为主:稳定型、相对稳定型和剧烈波动型。在3种类型中,稳定型的主要聚集地在城市中心、商圈附近、交通干线周边以及景区景点附近,相对稳定型占据西安市大面积区域,剧烈波动型处于距离城市中心较远的边缘。     

几何不等式问题的推广及应用

本文对几何不等式问题做些推广，并提出了广义几何不等式，通过构造随机变量，利用随机变量数学期望的概率性质，给出几何不等式及广义几何不等式的概率证明，最后给出几何不等式的一个直接应用，所得的结果是文献（１－４）的补充和拓广。