模袋袖阀管压密注浆的注浆压力理论计算方法研究

针对常规注浆施工中串浆、跑浆严重，对地层加固效果不理想的现状，模袋袖阀管注浆技术开始在隧道超前注浆施工中得到应用，但目前模袋注浆压力的确定多以经验为主。考虑模袋在注浆过程中始终保持柱形扩张，同时在周围被挤密土体中形成一个由弹性区和塑性区组成的应力影响区。基于弹塑性理论，考虑在周围土体的塑性影响区内采用非关联流动法则，推导得到了表征模袋注浆过程中浆体初始半径R0、浆体现时半径Ru和土体塑性区半径Rp之间关系的表达式，由此可以解出模袋注浆压力P的理论计算公式。参数分析结果表明：模袋注浆压力值受土体弹性模量、内摩擦角、黏聚力和初始应力的影响显著。将所得的模袋注浆压力理论计算公式应用于人民会堂站的模袋袖阀管注浆工程中，由浆体扩张半径Ru随注浆压力P的变化规律可以得出：当浆液对周围土体的挤密效果最佳时,模袋注浆压力 ，浆体最终扩张半径R' = 20 cm。注浆效果检验结果表明：模袋注浆膨胀构造的止浆岩盘成功实现了对浆液扩散的控制，达到了预期的控域注浆效果。     

The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite,di-calcium phosphate dihydrate

The unit-cell and atomic parameters of perdeuterated brushite have been extracted from Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data within the temperature range 4.2 to 470 K. The thermal expansion of brushite is anisotropic, with the largest expansion along the b axis due principally to the effect of the O(1)···D(4) and O(3)···D(2) hydrogen bonds. Expansion along the c axis, influenced by the Ow1···D(5) interwater hydrogen bond, is also large. The high temperature limits for the expansion coefficients for the unit-cell edges a, b and c are 9.7(5) × 10^–6, 3.82(9) × 10^–5 and 5.54(5) × 10^–5 K^–1, respectively, and for the cell volume it is 9.7(1) × 10^–5 K^–1. The angle displays oscillatory variation, and empirical data analysis results in = 1.28(3) × 10^–6sin(0.0105 T) K^–1, within this temperature range. The evolution of the thermal expansion tensor of brushite has been calculated between 50 T 400 K. At 300 K the magnitudes of the principal axes are ₁₁ = 50(6) × 10^{–6 K–1}, ₂₂ = 26.7(7) × 10^–6 K^–1 and ₃₃ = 7.0(5) × 10^–6 K^–1. The intermediate axis, ₂₂, is parallel to b, and using IRE convention for the tensor orthonormal basis, the axes ₁₁ and ₃₃ have directions equal to (–0.228, 0, –0.974) and (–0.974, 0, 0.228) respectively. Under the conditions of these experiments, the onset of dehydration occurred at temperatures above 400 K. Bond valence analysis combined with assessments of the thermal evolution of the bonding within brushite suggests that dehydration is precipitated through instabilities in the chemical environment of the second water molecule.     

福建前汛期区域暴雨客观预报模型研究

利用滑动分区切比雪夫展开方法,求取高度场特征分布的展开系数及其时间变量,通过相关分析,从中提取物理意义明确和相关性好的预报因子集和消空因子集,再通过预报因子的多形态组合分析,提炼出物理图像清晰的福建省前汛期区域暴雨预报模型。研究结果表明:以高度场的滑动分区切比雪夫展开系数做为研制前汛期的区域性暴雨预报模型的信息源是合理且可行的。切比雪夫正交多项式能够对要素场的内在特征信息进行定量化提取,生成彼此相互独立的场量因子;滑动分区展开技术可对场信息做极限化的开发,产生多种尺度的特征信息,从而获得对预报对象成因更完备的认识。     

基于GIS的马尾松毛虫灾害空间扩散规律分析

主要利用GIS的空间分析技术 ,探讨了松毛虫灾害的发生发展与地形、道路、居民地等的相关关系 ,科学地验证了松毛虫常发区的地理分布、发展过程等经验知识 ,充分肯定和展示了GIS用于松毛虫灾害定量、定位预测预报的可行性。     

A new method to calculate end-member thermodynamic properties of minerals from their constituent polyhedra II: heat capacity, compressibility and thermal expansion

Thermodynamic calculations in petrology are generally performed at pressures and temperatures beyond the standard state conditions. Accurate prediction of mineral equilibria therefore requires knowledge of the heat capacity, thermal expansion and compressibility for the minerals involved. Unfortunately, such data are not always available. In this contribution we present a data set to estimate the heat capacity, thermal expansion and compressibility of mineral end‐members from their constituent polyhedra, based on the premise that the thermodynamic properties of minerals can be described by a linear combination of the fractional properties of their constituents. As such, only the crystallography of the phase of interest needs to be known. This approach is especially powerful for hypothetical mineral end‐members and for minerals, for which the experimental determination of their thermodynamic properties is difficult. The data set consists of the properties for 35 polyhedra in the system K–Na–Ca–Li–Be–Mg–Mn–Fe–Co–Ni–Zn–Al–Ti–Si–H, determined by multiple linear regression analysis on a data set of 111 published end‐member thermodynamic properties. The large number of polyhedra determined allows calculation of a much larger variety of phases than was previously possible, and the choice of constituents together with the large number of thermodynamic input data results in estimates with associated uncertainty of generally <5%. The quality of the data appears to be sufficiently accurate for thermodynamic modelling as demonstrated by modelling the stability of margarite in the CASH system and the position of the talc–staurolite–chloritoid–pyrope absent invariant point in the KMASH system. In both cases, our results overlap within error with published equivalents.     

A simple relationship between isothermal bulk modulus and thermal pressure for geophysical minerals

The variations in isothermal bulk modulus with an increase in temperature are found to be related linearly with the change in thermal pressure for geophysical minerals, such as MgO, CaO, Al₂O₃, MgAl₂O₄ and Mg₂SiO₄. Analysis of the relationship yields a value of the Anderson–Gruneisen parameter for each mineral in close agreement with known values. An important finding of the present study is the derivation of an isobaric equation of state representing the relationship between volume and temperature at ambient pressure. This equation for isobaric volume expansion looks like the Birch equation for isothermal compression. The calculated values of volume expansion for the minerals at high temperatures present close agreement with the available experimental data. The formulation developed in the present study has also been used to predict the volumes at simultaneously elevated temperatures and pressures for CaSiO₃ perovskite and NaCl minerals, in good agreement with the experimental values.     

中国生态工业园与循环型公司空间扩张模式问题探讨

采用理论和实践相结合的研究方法，探讨了中国生态工业园与循环型公司空间扩张模式的若干问题。作者指出了国内外生态工业园内涵的差异，并认为具有重污染的企业不仅可以进入生态工业园，而且是中国众多生态工业园的主导产业。提出循环型公司空间扩张的5种基本模式，并探讨了其在中国的应用。认为生态工业园规划与设计忽视创新网络的构建和创新环境的营造、学习系统的作用、中介服务组织的作用和政府在促进园区创新网络和创新环靖营诰方面的作用．并提出了具体对策。     

Modeling urban expansion scenarios by coupling cellular automata model and system dynamic model in Beijing, China

Spatially explicit urban expansion models that can trace urban development in the past and predict the expansion scenarios in the future are indispensable for examining urban planning policies. This paper demonstrates a new urban expansion scenario (UES) model by coupling one “bottom-up” cellular automata (CA)-based model and one “top-down” system dynamics (SD)-based model. By implementing the UES model in Beijing, the urban evolution from 1991 to 2004 was simulated and the UESs from 2004 to 2020 were predicted. The results suggest that a dilemma of urban expansion versus limited water resource and environment deterioration exists. Dealing with such a dilemma remains a challenge for the local government.     

陈仓区地下水源地扩大开采可行性研究

本文在分析陈仓区地下水开采现状和水文地质条件的基础上,建立了水文地质概念模型,选用了承压水二维非稳定流数学模型进行描述,采用无越流的无界承压含水层干扰井群法求解该数学模型。     

MNF与MAD变换相结合的城市扩展研究

针对传统变化检测方法存在的缺陷，将最小噪声比率变换(Minimum Noise Fraction, MNF)和多元变化检测(Multivariate Alteration Detection, MAD)方法应用于东营市城市扩展分析。从MNF和MAD变换获得的影像中提取的二值图像可知，检测结果总体精度达到90.1%，Kappa系数为0.802，证明了本文方法在变化区域检测方面的可操作性和有效性。