地理信息系统的现状及其技术系统的研究动向

地理信息系统作为新兴的高技术系统，已经应用于整个空间信息的处理领域。本文将在分析现有系统应用水平和存在问题的基础上，着重讨论了六个方面值得重视的研究课题。     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

software reviews are in this article MACATLAS . Number Cruncher Statistical System (NCSS) TRANSPRO FIRE-ROUTER     

Nonlinear Dynamic Response of HDRB and Hybrid HDRB-Friction Sliders Base Isolation Systems

The isolation systems are usually made of rubber bearings that are sometimes coupled in hybrid combination with frictional devices; this is the case of an in-site experimental campaign, performed on a base isolated apartment building in Rapolla (south of Italy). Several dropout tests at initial displacements up to 17cm allowed to obtain in-site information on the true dynamic response of the isolation system (building and isolators). The tests carried out allow a comparison between the free vibration responses of a building, isolated by using a 28 HDRB isolation system only, or an HDRB-Friction Sliders Hybrid one. The paper highlights the main differences of the response in the superstructure (the structure over the isolation system) obtained by using only HDRB isolation system, or the Hybrid one (HDRB and Friction Sliders in parallel system). Analysis and comparisons of experimental data, show the influence of nonlinearities on structural higher modes amplification, especially observed by using the higher nonlinear Hybrid isolation system. Tests results confirm that, in the case of a regular superstructure, like the Rapolla building, the isolation system nonlinearities influence the structural response.     

The importance of mineral and energy inventories

Based on the results of the Conference on Resource Assessment Techniques of IGCP Project 98 in Loen, Norway, 1976, the importance of mineral and energy inventories is demonstrated by their long-term objectives which aim at the solution of problems of quantitative and qualitative mineral and energy reserve and resource assessments, estimates of the exploration potential, supply analysis, future land-use planning, and national mineral policy. Prior to establishing a mineral and energy inventory it is essential to clearly define both the long-term and short-term objectives, because they control the scope of an inventory and determine the approach to and the method of constructing the data base. Only then can questions be answered as to the kind of data required, the advantages of regional-versus commodity-based inventories, the necessity of computer-processable data files, the availability of a user-oriented data base management system, and the usefulness of conducting a pilot project. Examples are given for simple and complex types of mineral and energy inventories. The “Mineral Deposit Inventory” of the Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany, serves mainly as an information and reference system, whereas the mineral inventory of “Project Manitoba” of the Geological Survey of Canada forms the base for reserve and resource assessment as well as land-use planning of that province. For developing and industrialized countries alike, mineral and energy inventories are appropriate tools in planning new exploration activities and decisions on future national mineral policy. Used by the Regional Mineral Resources Development Centers of ESCAP and ECA, the United Nations economic commissions in Asia and Africa, these tools could be of great advantage and mutual benefit to the developing countries of those regions. This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills, Kenya, November 8–15, 1977.     

江西某蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染现状

根据表层土、深层土的采样研究资料,获取了江西某蔬菜基地的土壤主要重金属元素基准值,分析了5种重金属元素在该区表层土中的分布、分配及相关特点,分析了元素的迁移特征。对该蔬菜基地的土壤重金属污染现状作了初步评价,并提出了合理调整的相关建议。研究发现,该蔬菜基地表层土(耕作土层)中Cd、Hg、Pb存在明显的积聚现象。局部地段土壤中已超出了农业部颁发的无公害蔬菜产地以及绿色食品产地土壤环境质量标准,成了"不安全生产区"。同时发现区内重金属含量本底值并不高,重金属的污染积蓄主要与人类生产活动有关,可能来源于长期不合理的施肥与喷药。     

"大地测量学基础"课程教学改革的实践

从普通教学型院校测绘教学及测绘市场技术要求出发,针对“大地测量学基础”的课程特点,对教学内容、教学方法及教学手段进行探索与实践,分析多项保证教学质量的改革措施,达到增强教学效果和提高教学质量的目的,论述培养测绘创新人才的诱发、引导、歇留、展现的教学思想,阐述了实际教学全过程的反思,提出了未来教学的有效计划与合理化建议。     

智能化专题地图快速设计制作研究

本文根据专题地图智能化快速设计制作的需求,提出以构建专题地图智能化设计知识库为驱动实现专题地图快速设计制作的模式。在分析其他领域知识和知识库概念的基础上,兼顾该领域的特点,对此模式中知识和知识库的概念重新进行界定。文中以河南省交通图设计为例,基于混合式表示法和此模式下知识库的新特性,构建了专题地图设计知识库的框架体系并进行了阐述。     

球面四元三角网的复杂拓扑关系计算

针对已有球面四元三角网拓扑关系计算方法不能处理带空洞复杂目标的情况,提出了基于公共三角格网来计算球面四元三角网复杂拓扑关系,该方法能准确判断出带空洞复杂目标的拓扑关系,为全球空间分析和应用提供了新的思路。     

增城市地下综合管线信息管理系统设计与实现

增城市地下综合管线信息管理系统是集地下综合管线信息的综合管理和管线数据动态更新于一体,为县域城市规划、建设、管理提供信息资源和管理的技术平台,为政府及各管线权属单位提供了管理决策的科学依据.本文结合增城市地下综合管线信息管理系统的设计理念和研发实践,描述了数据库结构、系统的功能设计和动态更新机制,为探索地下综合管线信息化管理、动态更新维护提供了有效途径.