夏季云顶高于对流层顶事件对东亚天气型及上对流层-下平流层大气结构的影响

采用A-Train系列卫星的AURA/MLS水汽、温度资料,CALIPSO/CALIOP云物理资料,结合ECMWF气象再分析资料,分析了东亚地区云顶高于对流层顶事件(Cloud Top Above the Tropopause,CTAT)的区域分布,及其对上对流层-下平流层(Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere,UTLS)水汽和温度结构的影响。结果表明:亚洲季风区的夏季CTAT发生率是30%~55%,为全球最强区域;东北亚的夏季CTAT发生率是15%~20%,为中纬度最强分布区。以CTAT为指标的合成结果表明:15~30°N的东亚-西太平洋UTLS,水汽呈"上干下湿"的异常分布,温度呈"上冷下暖"的异常分布,该结构与该区域热带气旋合成的结果一致,说明热带气旋是该区域CTAT形成的主要天气系统;35~50°N的东北亚UTLS,水汽呈"上干下湿"的异常分布,温度呈"上暖下冷"的异常分布,该结构与该区域温带气旋合成的结果一致,说明温带气旋是该区域CTAT形成的主要天气系统。     

2013年7月1日河北宁晋极端短时强降水成因研究

2013年7月1日午后至夜间,华北出现一次区域性暴雨和局地大暴雨过程。局地极端降水出现在河北省邢台市宁晋县四芝兰镇,过程雨量409 mm,其中当日17—19时连续2 h雨量超过100 mm。利用常规高空和地面观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和石家庄新一代天气雷达资料,探讨了宁晋极端短时强降水的形成原因。主要结论是:(1)低槽、冷锋、副热带高压及其外围低涡切变线为其主要影响系统,海南附近台风远距离影响加强了水汽自南向北的输送,半定常的地面辐合切变线对新生对流的触发和已有对流的维持及加强起到重要作用;(2)宁晋最强降水期间,其上空具有较强的垂直风切变,有利于高度组织化的对流系统发展;(3)对流系统的后向传播使回波主体移动缓慢、持续时间长,而回波强度大和雨强很强,则导致四芝兰镇极端强降水,此外,具有弱中气旋的超级单体相对较长时间的影响使其对四芝兰镇强降水具有重要贡献;(4)产生极端降水的对流系统属于高质心发展强烈的大陆强对流型,而非更易导致强降水的低质心系统。同时,针对众多学者研究北京"7.21"特大暴雨得到的一些结论进行了进一步探讨和验证。     

广西“回南天”发生特征及预报着眼点

利用常规MICAPS数据资料,对广西“回南天”发生特征及预报着眼点进行分析研究。结果表明：(1) “回南天”发生在春季低温阴雨后期迅速回暖的转变过程中;(2) 有利“回南天”发生的环流形势共同特征为: 500 hPa我国北支西风气流转为纬向环流,南支槽加深并向东移动,850 hPa有西南急流,地面冷空气减弱,华南静止锋减弱北抬;(3) T lnp探空曲线中,锋区逆温层上限持续下降到850 hPa以下,次日落地消失;(4) 室外空气露点温度高于室内物体表面温度,暖湿空气中的水汽入室遇冷后,在物体表面发生相变凝结;(5) 根据前一天最低气温、当天露点温度及升幅,将“回南天”划分为重度、中度和轻度3个等级;(6)“回南天”有冷性结束和暖性结束两种方式。所得成果可应用到预报业务中。     

鲁西新泰孟家屯2.7Ga变质沉积岩与黑云斜长片麻岩锆石Hf同位素特征

对出露于山东新泰孟家屯2.7Ga的孟家屯岩组中石榴石石英岩(M08)、含十字石石榴石黑云母石英片岩(D242-Y2)和黑云斜长片麻岩(M03)(TTG质片麻岩)进行锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。石榴石石英岩锆石核部176Lu/177Hf、176Hf/177Hf变化范围为0.001730～0.002546、0.281249～0.281360,锆石变质边部176Lu/177Hf、176Hf/177Hf变化范围为0.000123～0.002070、0.281241～0.281318;含十字石石榴石黑云母石英片岩锆石核部176Lu/177Hf、176Hf/177Hf变化范围为0.001334～0.002169、0.281226～0.281324,锆石变质边部176Lu/177Hf、176Hf/177Hf变化范围为0.000445～0.001375、0.281227～0.281309;黑云斜长片麻岩锆石176Lu/177Hf、176Hf/177Hf变化范围为0.000315～0.000847、0.281186～0.281265。孟家屯岩组石榴石英岩、含十字石石榴石黑去母石英片岩中碎屑(岩浆)锆石和黑云斜长片麻岩中岩浆锆石的εHf(t)分别为3.75～7.26、2.31～7.26和3.21～6.27,同时TDM1与其U-Pb年龄非常接近,表明它们起源于新生地壳的部分熔融。结合区域研究资料认为,2.7Ga是鲁西重要的一期构造岩浆热事件,也可能是华北克拉通重要的构造岩浆活动时期。变质沉积岩中许多变质增生锆石相对于核部岩浆锆石低176Lu/177Hf、高176Hf/177Hf,显示变质作用过程中石榴石的存在对锆石的Lu-Hf同位素体系有很大影响。     

Classification of Complex Reservoirs in Superimposed Basins of Western China

<正>Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins.The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation,stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history.Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections,superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study:(1) continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins,(2) middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(3) early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(4) early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins,and(5) long-term exposed superimposed basins.Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins.In addition,multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,multiple sources,polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment,reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins.The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs,and the root causes of this are folding,denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage,diffusion,spilling,oxidation,degradation and cracking.Based on their genesis characteristics,complex reservoirs are divided into five categories:(1) primary reservoirs,(2) trap adjustment type reservoirs,(3) component variant reservoirs,(4) phase conversion type reservoirs and (5) scale-reformed reservoirs.     

桦甸市张家屯矿区石英脉型含金矿床地质特征简述

张家屯金矿床是吉林省有色金属地质勘查局六○六队受吉林省桦甸市鑫利隆矿业有限公司的委托,对桦甸市大楼矿区张家区段石英脉型含金银铅锌矿床进行详查评价工作,通过地表工程及旧坑道调查,目前确定为一小型金矿床。工作结果表明,矿化系统有一定延深。本文对金矿床地质特征及矿床成因分析,认为构造、岩浆活动在成矿过程中起着重要作用,对吉林省该区金矿找矿有着指导作用,明确了本区找矿方向。     

三维地震资料在圈定煤层结构变化上的应用

随着煤炭开采机械化程度的不断提高,煤层结构的变化对采掘工作的影响日益突出。三维地震资料不仅能够控制落差3~5m以上的断层和幅度大于5m的褶曲,而且还可以利用三维资料所包含的丰富地质信息,包括煤层反射波振幅能量强弱的变化、波阻抗反演等对煤层结构的变化情况进行圈定,以提供煤层结构方面的地质资料。     

Middle and late Cenomanian oceanic anoxic events in shallow and deeper shelf environments of western Morocco

The response of shallow‐water sequences to oceanic anoxic event 2 and mid‐Cenomanian events 1a and 1b was investigated along the west African margin of Morocco north of Agadir (Azazoul) and correlated with the deep‐water sequence of the Tarfaya Basin (Mohammed Beach) based on biostratigraphy, mineralogy, phosphorus and stable isotopes. In the deeper Mohammed Beach section results show double peaks in δ¹³C_org for mid‐Cenomanian events 1a and 1b (Rotalipora reicheli biozone, lower CC10a biozone), the characteristic oceanic anoxic event 2 δ¹³C excursion (Rotalipora cushmani extinction, top of CC10a biozone) and laminated (anoxic) black shale. In the shallow environment north of Agadir, a fluctuating sea‐level associated with dysoxic, brackish and mesotrophic conditions prevailed during the middle to late Cenomanian, as indicated by oyster biostromes, nannofossils, planktonic and benthonic foraminiferal assemblages. Anoxic conditions characteristic of oceanic anoxic event 2 (for example, laminated black shales) did not reach into shallow‐water environments until the maximum transgression of the early Turonian. Climate conditions decoupled along the western margin of Morocco between mid‐Cenomanian event 1b and the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary, as also observed in eastern Tethys. North of Agadir alternating humid and dry seasonal conditions prevailed, whereas in the Tarfaya Basin the climate was dry and seasonal. This climatic decoupling can be attributed to variations in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and in the intensity of the north‐east trade winds in tropical areas.     

吉林晚古生代榆木川基性岩的地球化学特征及其岩石成因

位于兴蒙造山带张广才岭块体的榆木川辉绿玢岩,K—AT年龄测定表明其形成年龄为262～264Ma,主微量元素研究表明,辉绿玢岩SiO2含量为47.02％～52.60％,贫K2O（0.13％～0.47％）,Na2O〉K2O,属于低钾拉斑系列,稀土分布模式属于轻稀土略亏损的平坦型,微量元素原始地幔标准化图解中大离子亲石元素（Rh、Ba、Sr）较为富集,但不存在高场强元素（Nb、Ta）的亏损,同位素组成显示Sr同位素初始比值在0.704958～0.705631之间,εNd（t）值（72～81）较高且变化较小,表明其来源于亏损地幔的部分熔融且成岩过程中未受到地壳物质的混染。基性岩形成于造山后的伸展拉张背景,并结合前人的研究成果,认为晚古生代（约270Ma）兴蒙造山带已经进入晚期,此时加厚的岩石圈由于重力不稳定发生拆沉减薄作用,导致软流圈的大量上涌和岩石圈拉张,从而引起先存亏损岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,最后侵入地壳深部形成研究区辉绿玢岩。     

贵州省黔北地区铝土矿钻探工艺运用探讨

黔北铝土矿地层复杂、矿体埋藏深度变化大,矿石结构多样性。如何在铝土矿矿区的勘查中,提高勘查钻探施工质量和效率,降低生产成本,获取最佳的勘探经济效益,是钻探施工首先应考虑问题。在长期的钻探施工的生产实践中,针对黔北铝土矿不同地层条件及矿物特征等特点,从设备选型、钻探工艺技术、质量保证措施等方面,采用了综合治理的方法,在实际钻探施工中取得了较好的勘查效果,极大的满足了地质勘查对钻探施工质量要求,本文对此进行了系统的归纳,并提出最佳的优选工艺技术措施,以便铝土矿矿区的勘查施工借鉴及参考。