CORS环境下GPS RTK测量时的坐标系统及相互转换

GPS定位技术已经被广泛地运用并发展成为一个真正的三维测量工具。GPS CORS系统是GPS的连续运行参考站,是在一个城市、一个地区、或一个国家范围内,根据要求按一定距离间隔,建立常年连续运行的若干个固定GNSS参考站,组成的网络系统。本文通过对GPSRTK测量中遇到的不同坐标系统的分析,阐明了不同坐标系统之间数据转换的本质。结合在生产中使用的GPSRTK设备,说明了WGS-84坐标系向地方坐标系转换的一般过程和注意事项;对GPSRTK测量中遇到的不同坐标系统,进行理论上和实践上的研究,达到了预期效果,掌握了中海达V8GNSS RTK接收机在GPSRTK测量中的使用问题。     

半参数模型在大地坐标转换中的应用

半参数模型增强了模型的适应性,在测绘数据处理中得到越来越广泛的应用。采用半参数模型对传统的布尔莎七参数模型进行改进,利用公共点坐标数据进行分析计算,并讨论半参数模型中正则矩阵的选取对模型精度的影响。为传统大地坐标转换提供一种解决途径。     

削弱残余误差对多波束测深综合影响的方法研究

提出了一种基于地形变化长波项与短波项相结合的残余误差综合削弱方法。实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

WGS-84与西安80坐标转换研究

伴随着坐标转换问题成为诸多项目研究热点,在进行不同国家坐标系以及国家坐标系与地方独立坐标系之间的坐标转换时问题层出不穷。通过坐标转换,实现了不同坐标系下数据与数据之间转换精度研究及影像与数据叠合精度分析。本文就WGS-84与西安80坐标转换问题进行探讨。     

区域规划空间信息系统建设与应用研究——以江苏省城乡规划信息系统为例

区域性城乡规划信息系统建设开展较晚,与城市级规划信息系统不同,其应用需求、数据构成、技术架构具有其独特性。结合新一轮江苏省城镇体系规划修编工作,开展全省城乡规划信息数据建库和应用平台的开发工作,系统根据区域规划的编制和研究应用需求,制定了面向未来区域规划工作需求的数据标准,集成了全省多源、多尺度、多时态的空间数据,实现了跨专业、跨平台空间信息的整合与共享。为江苏省城镇体系规划以及其他相关编制提供数据分析、规划决策支撑等服务,并预留未来与其他各类地理信息系统的应用接口。     

铁路测量中坐标系的建立与转换

在铁路测量中,长度投影变形要求小于2．5cm／km。但是由于铁路为典型的线性工程,通常横跨多个投影带,因此采用国家标准3。带难以满足铁路测量精度要求,本文通过分析高斯投影长度变形,提出分段建立独立坐标系的方法,控制长度投影变形,满足精度要求,最后介绍利用GlobalMapper软件实现两个独立坐标系的转换。     

Addressing administrative units in international tsunami early warning systems: shortcomings in international geocode standards

Abstract

Administrative units reflect the territorial hierarchies established within all countries of the world. The units are addressable with geocodes that provide a bijective mapping between territories and unique identification codes. Early warning systems for natural or man-made hazards often map affected or threatened areas to administrative units to establish a spatial reference that is comprehensible to all parts of the population. Addressing these territories in an international context has several requirements, such as worldwide coverage, completeness and topicality, which must be met by geocode standards. In this paper, the practicability and suitability of international geocode standards are examined in the context of the requirements of large-scale early warning systems. This paper exposes the insufficiencies and limitations of existing geocode standards International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-3166, Second Administrative Level Boundaries data set project (SALB) and Nomenclature of the Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) and emphasises the suitability of the non-official hierarchical administrative subdivision codes (HASC). The analysis is framed in the context of addressing affected areas for an Indian Ocean tsunami early warning system. This system was developed within the Distant Early Warning Systems project according to the requirements of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission for Regional Tsunami Watch Providers (RTWPs).     

Performance optimization of grid aggregation in spatial data warehouses

The problem of storage and querying of large volumes of spatial grids is an issue to solve. In this paper, we propose a method to optimize queries to aggregate raster grids stored in databases. In our approach, we propose to estimate the exact result rather than calculate the exact result. This approach reduces query execution time. One advantage of our method is that it does not require implementing or modifying functionalities of database management systems. Our approach is based on a new data structure and a specific model of SQL queries. Our work is applied here to relational data warehouses.     

Using a simulation analysis to evaluate the impact of crop mapping error on crop area estimation from stratified sampling

ABSTRACT

To analyze the efficiency of area estimations (i.e. estimation accuracy and variation of estimation) impacted by crop mapping error, we simulated error at eight levels for thematic maps using a stratified sampling estimation methodology. The results show that the estimation efficiency is influenced by the combination of the sample size and the error level. Evaluating the trade-offs between sample size and error level showed that reducing the crop mapping error level provides the most benefit (i.e. higher estimation efficiency). Further, sampling performance differed based on the heterogeneity of the crop area. The results demonstrated that the influence of increasing the error level on estimation efficiency is more detrimental in heterogeneous areas than in homogeneous ones. Therefore, to obtain higher estimation efficiency, a larger sample size and lower error level or both are needed, especially in heterogeneous areas. We suggest that existing land-cover maps should first be used to determine the heterogeneity of the area. The appropriate sample size for these areas then can be determined according to all three factors: heterogeneity, expected estimation efficiency, and sampling budget. Overall, extending our understanding of the impacts of crop mapping error is necessary for decision making to improve our ability to effectively estimate crop area.     

多视点相机联合标定及改进的PMVS重建方法

提出一种能够在强约束条件下快速进行相机标定的方法。通过相机间6个相互独立的约束,充分利用系统的几何条件,确定相邻立体相机的固有关系;再以共线方程为基础推导强约束条件下的平差模型,并应用于自检校光束法平差,从而实现多相机系统的快速标定;最后利用改进的PMVS三维重建方法开展标定后系统的人体三维重建。实验表明,通过加入强约束条件,增加平差的多余观测数,提高了标定精度和鲁棒性,对三维重建的精度亦有较大提高,并且该方法可推广到多个相机组成的多相机立体量测系统的标定中。