对放射性测井中的数字滤波技术的研究

叙述了放射性测井中的各种数字滤波方法的基本原理和性能比较,并介绍一种新的数字滤波方法,其性能优于其它滤波方法.     

分层随机抽样下全球30 m火烧迹地产品验证

火烧迹地是全球及区域碳循环和气候变化等研究所需的重要参数之一,卫星遥感技术为快速获取大区域火烧迹地空间分布信息提供了有效手段。中国科学院基于Landsat系列卫星数据研发了首个30 m空间分辨率全球火烧迹地产品GABAM (Global Annual Burned Area Map)。遥感数据产品的精度验证对产品使用具有重要意义,迄今尚未有研究机构对GABAM产品精度进行独立评价和分析。为系统评价GABAM产品精度,利用2010年全球30 m空间分辨率火烧迹地产品(GABAM2010)开展精度验证研究工作,在全球和几个陆地生物群落中估算了产品精度,并探索了全球遥感专题产品精度验证的技术框架。基于分层随机抽样选择80个非重叠的泰森多边形区域TSA (Thiessen Scene Areas),采用误差矩阵和6个精度指标对GABAM2010产品做全面精度评价和分析,以满足火烧迹地产品用户的使用要求。结果表明:在全球范围内,GABAM2010产品的错分率和漏分率分别为24.32%和31.60%,总体精度为97.85%;由于数据质量(如条带、云)等的影响,火烧迹地的范围会被低估,对于较容易发生火灾的生物群落,如热带亚热带草原区域,GABAM2010产品精度较高;在生物群落内部,高密度火烧迹地区域的精度高于低密度火烧迹地区域。     

风云四号气象卫星地面测距系统精度改进技术

风云四号静止气象卫星(FY-4)地面测距系统用于获得分布在不同地方的5个地面站到卫星的精确距离,进而利用得到的距离数据确定并预报卫星的轨道和位置,所以测距精度是影响卫星轨道和位置确定精度的主要因素。本文根据测距系统工作的原理及过程,分析影响测距精度的误差来源,从测距体制、站址坐标测量、地面设备时延测量、转发器时延测量、大气传输时延测量和各站时间同步几个方面分析了风云四号测距系统为了提高测距精度采取的相应的技术手段。     

低纬子午环仪器误差的测定及其处理方法

仪器误差的精确测定和消除对于提高子午环的观测精度有着至关重要的意义。本文简单介绍了低纬子午环的观测原理和仪器结构，系统地探讨了它的各种仪器误差的来源、测定和处理方法。为了进一步完善采用组合固定角距法测定对径改正的方法，在第三章，研究了提高对径改正测量精度的方法，重新推导了对径改正的计算公式，并就某些具体的条件，对其进行了模拟验证，得到了较为满意的结果     

Orbit injection error analysis for the Lageos III mission

An analysis is presented of the orbital injection errors for the Lageos III satellite mission. Several methods are introduced for the solution of the Inverse Problem in the Theory of Errors. The novelty of the present approach consists in the use of the full geopotential covariance matrix in the error propagation equations. The GEM-T1 covariance matrix is used. It is found that by properly accounting for the correlation among the even zonal harmonic coefficients the acceptable error bounds increase by an order of magnitude with respect to the case when only the variances are used. The most stringent constraint, even when using the full covariance, is on inclination, whose nominal value must be realized within approximately 0.1° for the recovery of the Lense-Thirring precession to be successful at the 3% level (accounting only for injection errors). The associated tolerance in the semimajor axis is about 30 km while that in eccentricity is approximately 0.2. However, if the errors in semimajor axis and eccentricity can be kept to the routinely achievable levels respectively of 10 km and 0.004, then the tolerance in inclination can be relaxed to 0.2°.     

Similar single-difference model and its algorithm for solving GPS monitoring deformation directly at single epoch

A new similar singledifference mathematical model ( SS-DM) and its corresponding algorithm are advanced to solve the deformation of monitoring point directly in single epoch. The method for building the SSDM is introduced in detail, and the main error sources affecting the accuracy of deformation measurement are analyzed briefly, and the basic algorithm and steps of solving the deformation are discussed. In order to validate the correctness and the accuracy of the similar single-difference model, the test with five dual frequency receivers is carried out on a slideway which moved in plane in Feb. 2001. In the test, five sessions are observed. The numerical results of test data show that the advanced model is correct.     

The 3-hour-interval prediction of ground-level temperature in South Korea using dynamic linear models

The 3-hour-interval prediction of ground-level temperature from 00 h out to 45 h in South Korea(38 stations) is performed using the DLM (dynamic linear model) in order to eliminate the systematic error of numerical model forecasts. Numerical model forecasts and observations are used as input values of the DLM. According to the comparison of the DLM forecasts to the KFM (Kalman filter model) forecasts with RMSE and bias, the DLM is useful to improve the accuracy of prediction.     

线性矩法估计参数的保证修正值系数B的推求

在设计洪水的抽样误差估计中,采用保证修正值系数B方法估计均方差简单易用。应用线性矩法估计频率分布曲线的参数,有较好的无偏性和有效性,具有一定的应用前景。目前线性矩法的B值诺模图尚未确定,给用线性矩法确定参数时估计抽样误差带来了难度与不便。采用统计试验,分析了离差系数、偏态系数和样本长度对B值的影响,结果表明线性矩法估计参数时仍可采用保证修正值系数B值诺模图方法来估计抽样误差,并推求了不同偏态系数、设计频率情形下的B值,制成了线性矩法的B值诺模图备用。     

利用RPC模型进行IKONOS影像的精确定位

研究了IKONOS卫星影像基于RPC模型的立体定位算法与区域网平差方法.针对立体定位计算过程中RPC(Rational Polynomial Coefficients)模型存在的系统性误差,给出了物方和像方补偿方案.实验结果表明,各种补偿方案均可有效消除RPC模型的系统误差,取得优于1.3 m的定位精度;区域网平差的定位精度可达1.1 m,是最理想的定位方法.     

野外地质测量中手持GPS定位的误差分析

GPS在工程测量、导航定位等应用中所具有的优越性和方便性使其应用越来越广泛。在野外地质测量中小巧方便的手持GPS机能够起到辅助定点和导航的重要作用,是新时期实现现代化数字地质调查的基础设备之一。但由于野外地形、树木等多路径环境因素的影响,其测量精度和应用受到限制。针对手持机的特点,通过实际测点分类统计分析各方面因素对误差产生的影响程度,进而得出修正方案,提高测量精度和实用性。